如何使 class 装饰器不破坏 isinstance 函数?
How can I make a class decorator not break isinstance function?
我正在为测试创建一个单例装饰器,但是当我询问一个对象是否是原始对象的实例时 class 它 returns false。
在这个例子中,我正在装饰一个计数器 class 来创建一个单例,所以每次如果我得到它的值 returns 下一个数字,无论对象的哪个实例调用它.
代码几乎可以正常工作,但是函数 isinstance 似乎中断了,我尝试使用 functools.update_wrapper 但我不知道我是否可以获得 isinstance 函数来将 Singleton 识别为 Counter(在下面的代码中),只要我问对于 Counter 代码实际上 returns Singleton.
装饰器
def singleton(Class):
class Singleton:
__instance = None
def __new__(cls):
if not Singleton.__instance:
Singleton.__instance = Class()
return Singleton.__instance
#update_wrapper(Singleton, Class,
# assigned=('__module__', '__name__', '__qualname__', '__doc__', '__annotation__'),
# updated=()) #doesn't seems to work
return Singleton
装饰class
@singleton
class Counter:
def __init__(self):
self.__value = -1
self.__limit = 6
@property
def value(self):
self.__value = (self.__value + 1) % self.limit
return self.__value
@property
def limit(self):
return self.__limit
@limit.setter
def limit(self, value):
if not isinstance(value, int):
raise ValueError('value must be an int.')
self.__limit = value
def reset(self):
self.__value = -1
def __iter__(self):
for _ in range(self.limit):
yield self.value
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self,a,b,c):
pass
测试
counter = Counter()
counter.limit = 7
counter.reset()
[counter.value for _ in range(2)]
with Counter() as cnt:
print([cnt.value for _ in range(10)]) #1
print([counter.value for _ in range(5)]) #2
print([val for val in Counter()]) #3
print(Counter) #4
print(type(counter)) #5
print(isinstance(counter, Counter)) #6
输出:
#1 - [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
#2 - [5, 6, 0, 1, 2]
#3 - [3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2]
#4 - <class '__main__.singleton.<locals>.Singleton'>
#5 - <class '__main__.Counter'>
#6 - False
(更新包装未注释)
#1 - [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
#2 - [5, 6, 0, 1, 2]
#3 - [3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2]
#4 - <class '__main__.Counter'>
#5 - <class '__main__.Counter'>
#6 - False
您可以使用 singleton
class decorator in the Python Decorator Library.
之所以有效,是因为它修改了现有的 class(替换了 __new__()
方法),而不是像您问题的代码中那样用完全独立的 class 替换它.
import functools
# from https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary#Singleton
def singleton(cls):
''' Use class as singleton. '''
cls.__new_original__ = cls.__new__
@functools.wraps(cls.__new__)
def singleton_new(cls, *args, **kw):
it = cls.__dict__.get('__it__')
if it is not None:
return it
cls.__it__ = it = cls.__new_original__(cls, *args, **kw)
it.__init_original__(*args, **kw)
return it
cls.__new__ = singleton_new
cls.__init_original__ = cls.__init__
cls.__init__ = object.__init__
return cls
有了它,我得到以下输出(注意最后一行):
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
[5, 6, 0, 1, 2]
[3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2]
<class '__main__.Counter'>
<class '__main__.Counter'>
True
并不比上面的更好,但如果您以后需要凭记忆执行此操作,则稍微简单且更容易记住:
def singleton(Class, *initargs, **initkwargs):
__instance = Class(*initargs, **initkwargs)
Class.__new__ = lambda *args, **kwargs: __instance
Class.__init__ = lambda *args, **kwargs: None
return Class
我正在为测试创建一个单例装饰器,但是当我询问一个对象是否是原始对象的实例时 class 它 returns false。
在这个例子中,我正在装饰一个计数器 class 来创建一个单例,所以每次如果我得到它的值 returns 下一个数字,无论对象的哪个实例调用它. 代码几乎可以正常工作,但是函数 isinstance 似乎中断了,我尝试使用 functools.update_wrapper 但我不知道我是否可以获得 isinstance 函数来将 Singleton 识别为 Counter(在下面的代码中),只要我问对于 Counter 代码实际上 returns Singleton.
装饰器
def singleton(Class):
class Singleton:
__instance = None
def __new__(cls):
if not Singleton.__instance:
Singleton.__instance = Class()
return Singleton.__instance
#update_wrapper(Singleton, Class,
# assigned=('__module__', '__name__', '__qualname__', '__doc__', '__annotation__'),
# updated=()) #doesn't seems to work
return Singleton
装饰class
@singleton
class Counter:
def __init__(self):
self.__value = -1
self.__limit = 6
@property
def value(self):
self.__value = (self.__value + 1) % self.limit
return self.__value
@property
def limit(self):
return self.__limit
@limit.setter
def limit(self, value):
if not isinstance(value, int):
raise ValueError('value must be an int.')
self.__limit = value
def reset(self):
self.__value = -1
def __iter__(self):
for _ in range(self.limit):
yield self.value
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self,a,b,c):
pass
测试
counter = Counter()
counter.limit = 7
counter.reset()
[counter.value for _ in range(2)]
with Counter() as cnt:
print([cnt.value for _ in range(10)]) #1
print([counter.value for _ in range(5)]) #2
print([val for val in Counter()]) #3
print(Counter) #4
print(type(counter)) #5
print(isinstance(counter, Counter)) #6
输出:
#1 - [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
#2 - [5, 6, 0, 1, 2]
#3 - [3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2]
#4 - <class '__main__.singleton.<locals>.Singleton'>
#5 - <class '__main__.Counter'>
#6 - False
(更新包装未注释)
#1 - [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
#2 - [5, 6, 0, 1, 2]
#3 - [3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2]
#4 - <class '__main__.Counter'>
#5 - <class '__main__.Counter'>
#6 - False
您可以使用 singleton
class decorator in the Python Decorator Library.
之所以有效,是因为它修改了现有的 class(替换了 __new__()
方法),而不是像您问题的代码中那样用完全独立的 class 替换它.
import functools
# from https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary#Singleton
def singleton(cls):
''' Use class as singleton. '''
cls.__new_original__ = cls.__new__
@functools.wraps(cls.__new__)
def singleton_new(cls, *args, **kw):
it = cls.__dict__.get('__it__')
if it is not None:
return it
cls.__it__ = it = cls.__new_original__(cls, *args, **kw)
it.__init_original__(*args, **kw)
return it
cls.__new__ = singleton_new
cls.__init_original__ = cls.__init__
cls.__init__ = object.__init__
return cls
有了它,我得到以下输出(注意最后一行):
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
[5, 6, 0, 1, 2]
[3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2]
<class '__main__.Counter'>
<class '__main__.Counter'>
True
并不比上面的更好,但如果您以后需要凭记忆执行此操作,则稍微简单且更容易记住:
def singleton(Class, *initargs, **initkwargs):
__instance = Class(*initargs, **initkwargs)
Class.__new__ = lambda *args, **kwargs: __instance
Class.__init__ = lambda *args, **kwargs: None
return Class