我想在 turtlegraphics 的墙上有一个弹跳球，但它们停下来，它们徘徊并发送错误

Question

我画了一些三角形，它们应该在墙上弹跳，但它们不弹跳，不直行，几秒钟后打印错误消息。

当我让三角形只以十字形移动时，三角形摇摇欲坠并出现错误消息。

import turtle
import random
def draw_sq(t,distance=400):#Draw a box
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-200,200)
    t.pendown()
    t.forward(distance)
    t.right(90)
    t.forward(distance)
    t.right(90)
    t.forward(distance)
    t.right(90)
    t.forward(distance)
    t.penup()
    t.goto(0,0)
    t.pendown()
def add_tri():
    global l_tri
    t=turtle.Turtle()
    t.shape("triangle")
    x=-200
    y=random.randint(-200,200)
    t.penup()
    t.goto(x,y)
    t.setheading(random.randint(-89,89))
    # make triangle and start
    l_tri.append(t)# add a triangle to list
def successMan():#write word succes 
    global playing
    if playing==True:
        t.write("success")

def turn_right():
    global right
    right = True

def turn_left():
    global left
    left = True

def turn_up():
    global up
    up = True

def turn_down():
    global down
    down = True

def _turn_right():
    global right
    right = False

def _turn_left():
    global left
    left = False

def _turn_up():
    global up
    up = False

def _turn_down():
    global down
    down = False

def is_touch(x,y,triangle,threshold=20):
    global playing
    if((x-triangle.position()[0])**2+(y-triangle.position()[1])**2<=threshold**2):
        playing=False#if triangle touches the turtle make playing False

def timer_go():
    global heading
    global l_tri
    global t
    global playing
    global up
    global left
    global down
    global right# heading is where turtle heads
    if up:
        if right:
            heading=45
        elif left:
            heading=135
        elif down:
            heading = heading
        else:
            heading=90
    if down:
        if right:
            heading=315
        elif left:
            heading=225
        elif up:
            pass
        else:
            heading = 270
    if left:
        if right:
            heading = heading
        elif up:
            pass
        elif down:
            pass
        else:
            heading = 180
    if right:
        if left:
            pass
        elif up:
            pass
        elif down:
            pass
        else:
            heading = 0

    t.setheading(heading)
    t.forward(10)
        # turtle controller
    for i in range(3):#triangles move
        if (l_tri[i].position()[0]<-200):
            l_tri[i].setheading(180-l_tri[i].heading())
            l_tri[i].forward(10)
        if (l_tri[i].position()[0]>200):
            l_tri[i].setheading(180-l_tri[i].heading())
            l_tri[i].forward(10)
        if (l_tri[i].position()[1]<-200):
            l_tri[i].setheading(-l_tri[i].heading())
            l_tri[i].forward(10)
        if (l_tri[i].position()[1]>200):
            l_tri[i].setheading(-l_tri[i].heading())
            l_tri[i].forward(10)#triangle bounces on the wall
        l_tri[i].forward(10)
        is_touch(t.position()[0],t.position()[1],l_tri[i],threshold=20)
    # check triangle and turtle
    if (playing==False):
        t.write("FAIL")
        #Fail

up = False
down = False
right = False
left = False
playing = True
heading = 0
l_tri = []

t = turtle.Turtle()
t.shape('turtle')
t.speed(0)
draw_sq(t)
screen = t.screen

screen.onkeypress(turn_right, 'Right')
screen.onkeypress(turn_left, 'Left')
screen.onkeypress(turn_up, 'Up')
screen.onkeypress(turn_down, 'Down')
screen.onkeyrelease(_turn_right, 'Right')
screen.onkeyrelease(_turn_left, 'Left')
screen.onkeyrelease(_turn_up, 'Up')
screen.onkeyrelease(_turn_down, 'Down')


for i in range(3):
    add_tri()
for i in range(1,200):
    time = i*100
    screen.ontimer(timer_go, time)
screen.ontimer(successMan,20000)
screen.listen()
screen.mainloop()

这应该是一个玩家在盒子里避开三角形的游戏。

Answer 1

当我运行它时，我看到错误

RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object

但我没有在代码中看到递归。

也许问题是

for i in range(1,200):
    time = i*100
    screen.ontimer(timer_go, time)

可能它创建了太多函数。

你可以运行一次

screen.ontimer(timer_go, 100)

并在 timer_go() 结束时再次使用它

def timer_go():

    # ... rest of code ...

    screen.ontimer(timer_go, 100)

它会一直重复。

在官方文档中也能看到这个方法：turtle.ontimer

Answer 2

我同意@furas (+1) 关于如何设置您的 ontimer(timer_go, 100)，但我发现您的代码存在其他问题。我在下面对其进行了修改，希望您发现一些有用的更改。

具体问题：您需要（重新）阅读 global 作为错误使用的一半时间；您不需要重新发明 turtle.distance()（例如 is_touch()）；您需要将 playing == False 与失败分开，因为您需要在成功或失败时停止游戏；您应该只需要在一个地方指定三角形的数量：

from turtle import Screen, Turtle
from random import randint, choice

FONT = ('Arial', 16, 'normal')

def draw_square(turtle, distance=400):  # Draw a box
    turtle.speed('fastest')
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-200, 200)
    turtle.pendown()

    for _ in range(4):
        turtle.forward(distance)
        turtle.right(90)

def add_triangle():
    triangle = Turtle("triangle")
    triangle.penup()
    triangle.goto(choice([(choice([-150, 150]), randint(-150, 150)), (randint(-150, 150), choice([-150, 150]))]))
    triangle.setheading(randint(-89, 89))
    # make triangle and start
    triangles.append(triangle)  # add a triangle to list

def successMan():  # write word success
    global playing

    if playing:
        player.write("Success!", font=FONT)
        playing = False

def turn_right():
    global right
    right = True

def turn_left():
    global left
    left = True

def turn_up():
    global up
    up = True

def turn_down():
    global down
    down = True

def _turn_right():
    global right
    right = False

def _turn_left():
    global left
    left = False

def _turn_up():
    global up
    up = False

def _turn_down():
    global down
    down = False

def is_touch(player, triangle, threshold=20):
    return player.distance(triangle) < threshold

def timer_go():
    global playing

    heading = player.heading()

    if up:
        if right:
            heading = 45
        elif left:
            heading = 135
        elif down:
            pass
        else:
            heading = 90

    if down:
        if right:
            heading = 315
        elif left:
            heading = 225
        elif up:
            pass
        else:
            heading = 270

    if left:
        if right:
            pass
        elif up:
            pass
        elif down:
            pass
        else:
            heading = 180

    if right:
        if left:
            pass
        elif up:
            pass
        elif down:
            pass
        else:
            heading = 0

    player.setheading(heading)
    player.forward(10)

    # turtle controller
    for triangle in triangles:  # triangles move
        x, y = triangle.position()

        if not -200 < x < 200:
            triangle.setheading(180 - triangle.heading())
            triangle.forward(10)

        if  not -200 < y < 200:
            triangle.setheading(-triangle.heading())
            triangle.forward(10)

        triangle.forward(10)

        # check triangle and turtle
        if is_touch(player, triangle, threshold=20):
            playing = False
            player.write("FAIL!", font=FONT)  # Fail

    if playing:
        screen.ontimer(timer_go, 100)

up = False
down = False
right = False
left = False

playing = True
triangles = []

draw_square(Turtle(visible=False))

for _ in range(3):
    add_triangle()

player = Turtle('turtle')
player.speed('fastest')

screen = Screen()

screen.onkeypress(turn_right, 'Right')
screen.onkeypress(turn_left, 'Left')
screen.onkeypress(turn_up, 'Up')
screen.onkeypress(turn_down, 'Down')

screen.onkeyrelease(_turn_right, 'Right')
screen.onkeyrelease(_turn_left, 'Left')
screen.onkeyrelease(_turn_up, 'Up')
screen.onkeyrelease(_turn_down, 'Down')

screen.ontimer(successMan, 20_000)

timer_go()

screen.listen()
screen.mainloop()

我怀疑您的 RecursionError 是由于您的按键事件造成的，因为您的模型似乎是一次可以按下多个按键。但是如果一个键按住的时间太长，它会在一个键事件中引起一个键事件，这看起来像递归。您通常可以通过在事件处理程序中首先禁用按键事件处理程序来解决此问题，完成您的工作，然后重新启用按键事件处理程序。

但是，OS 控制的自动按键重复逻辑也可能对您不利。如果您的密钥处理被证明是一个问题，请考虑使用更简单的方法。

我想在 turtlegraphics 的墙上有一个弹跳球，但它们停下来，它们徘徊并发送错误

I want a bouncing ball on the wall in turtlegraphics, but they stop and they wander and send an error

python

turtle-graphics