解释 Java 8 收藏家 Interface/Method 签名

Explaining Java 8 Collector Interface/Method Signature

Stream.collect(Collector<? super T, A, R> collector)

<R,A> R collect(Collector<? super T,A,R> collector)

Performs a mutable reduction operation on the elements of this stream using a Collector.

Collectors.groupingBy​(Function<? super T,​? extends K> classifier)

public static <T,​K> Collector<T,​?,​Map<K,​List<T>>> groupingBy​(Function<? super T,​? extends K> classifier)

Returns a Collector implementing a "group by" operation on input elements of type T, grouping elements according to a classification function, and returning the results in a Map.

有人可以解释泛型 TKR 吗?我真的很困惑这种方法如何符合上面的签名:

List<Student> studentList = ....
Map<String, List<Student>> groupByTeachersMap = studentList.stream()
        .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Student::getTeachersName));

我看不出 collect 如何 return Map<String, List<Student>> 给定上面的签名。有人可以解释一下如何阅读这个签名吗?

假设以下最小值 class:

class Student {
    String teachersName;

    public String getTeachersName() {
        return teachersName;
    }
}

您可以通过在每一步输入和输出匹配 return 类型来关联您的代码。例如,groupingBy 的签名为:

// <T, K> Collector<T, ?, Map<K, List<T>>> groupingBy(Function<? super T, ? extends K> classifier)       

你的具体实现方式如下:

Collectors.groupingBy(new Function<Student, String>() {
    @Override
    public String apply(Student student) {
        return student.getTeachersName();
    }
})

你的情况 returns

Collector<Student, ?, Map<String, List<Student>>>

此外,如果您查看 collect 操作的签名,即

// <R, A> R collect(Collector<? super T, A, R> collector)

因此在您的情况下 returning R 如 :

Map<String, List<Student>>