无法导入 RSA 私钥:"Bad Version of provider"

Failed to import RSA private key: "Bad Version of provider"

我有一个随机私钥("C:\tmp\private.key"):

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----  

我尝试使用 RSACryptoServiceProvider.ImportCspBlob 导入它,但失败并出现错误:

System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: Bad Version of provider.

完整堆栈跟踪:

Failed: System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: Bad Version of provider.

   at System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException.ThrowCryptographicException(Int32 hr)
   at System.Security.Cryptography.Utils._ImportCspBlob(Byte[] keyBlob, SafeProvHandle hProv, CspProviderFlags flags, SafeKeyHandle& hKey)
   at System.Security.Cryptography.Utils.ImportCspBlobHelper(CspAlgorithmType keyType, Byte[] keyBlob, Boolean publicOnly, CspParameters& parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer, SafeProvHandle& safeProvHandle, SafeKeyHandle& safeKeyHandle)
   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.ImportCspBlob(Byte[] keyBlob)
   at ConsoleApplication3.Program.DecodeRSA(Byte[] data, Int32 c_data) in C:\Users\myuser\Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Projects\myproj\ConsoleApplication3\Program.cs:line 28
   at ConsoleApplication3.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\Users\myuser\Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Projects\myproj\ConsoleApplication3\Program.cs:line 14
Press any key to continue . . .

知道我做错了什么吗?

这是我的代码:

using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

namespace ConsoleApplication3
{
    class Program
    {
        static public byte[] privateKey;
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                privateKey = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\tmp\private.key");
                DecodeRSA(privateKey);
            }
            catch(Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Failed: {0}", e);
            }
        }

        static public void DecodeRSA(byte[] data)
        {
            using (RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                rsa.ImportCspBlob(Program.privateKey);
            }
        }

    }
}

您的私钥有 -Format. Private key BLOBs have another format. As already mentioned in the comments, the formats are very different and cannot be easily converted (see e.g. here)。当然你可以使用 PKCS1-PEM-key,但这并不容易。以下是一些选项:

可能性一:

如果您使用 .NET Core 3.0,则有 direct support for reading a PKCS1-key (see also ):

byte[] privateKeyPkcs1PEM = File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\tmp\private.key"); // PKCS1 - PEM
byte[] privateKeyPkcs1DER = ConvertPKCS1PemToDer(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(privateKeyPkcs1PEM));
RSA rsa = RSA.Create();
rsa.ImportRSAPrivateKey(privateKeyPkcs1DER, out _);

// use e.g. rsa.Decrypt(...)

然而,ImportRSAPrivateKey-方法只能处理DER-format,它本质上是PEM-format的二进制格式(更多细节见here or )。因此,您必须将 PEM-format 转换为 DER-format,例如

private static byte[] ConvertPKCS1PemToDer(string pemContents)
{
    return Convert.FromBase64String(pemContents
        .TrimStart("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----".ToCharArray())
        .TrimEnd("-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----".ToCharArray())
        .Replace("\r\n",""));
}

或者,OpenSSL 也可以用于 conversion:

openssl rsa -inform PEM -outform DER -in C:\tmp\private.key -out C:\tmp\private.der

可能性2:

您可以使用 OpenSSL 将 PKCS1-PEM-key 转换为 PKCS8-DER-key。合适的 command 是:

openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform pem -in C:\tmp\private.key -outform der -nocrypt -out C:\tmp\privatepkcs8.der

解释了 PKCS1 格式和 PKCS8 格式之间的区别 . Then you can import the key with built-in .NET-methods (see also here,第 PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo 部分):

byte[] privateKeyPkcs8DER = File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\tmp\privatepkcs8.der"); // PKCS8 - DER
CngKey cngKey = CngKey.Import(privateKeyPkcs8DER, CngKeyBlobFormat.Pkcs8PrivateBlob);
RSA rsa = new RSACng(cngKey);

// use e.g. rsa.Decrypt(...)

可能性3:

如果可以用third-party-libraries,BouncyCastle也是一种可能:

StreamReader reader = File.OpenText(@"C:\tmp\private.key"); // PKCS1 - PEM
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keyPair = (AsymmetricCipherKeyPair)new PemReader(reader).ReadObject();
Pkcs1Encoding pkcs1Encoding = new Pkcs1Encoding(new RsaEngine());

// E.g. decryption
pkcs1Encoding.Init(false, keyPair.Private);
byte[] decrypted = pkcs1Encoding.ProcessBlock(encrypted, 0, encrypted.Length);

可能性4:

另一种可能性是使用可以处理 PKCS1 密钥的 DecodeRSAPrivateKey-method from JavaScience。然而,DecodeRSAPrivateKey-方法只能处理DER-format。因此,您必须首先使用例如手动将 PEM-format 转换为 DER-format ConvertPKCS1PemToDer 或 OpenSSL。

多亏了@Topaco 的回答,我明白我需要找到 CSP blob,就像他提到的那样,它没有记录。

所以我只是用 byte[] a = rsa.ExportCspBlob(true); 得到它。
我将字节转换为 base64,这是对我有用的 base64 中正确的密钥格式:

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  

值得一提的是,我只需要此函数成功通过即可,因为我正在处理黑盒应用程序并且无法更改代码,我需要为其提供正确的输入。