无法导入 RSA 私钥:"Bad Version of provider"
Failed to import RSA private key: "Bad Version of provider"
我有一个随机私钥("C:\tmp\private.key"
):
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
我尝试使用 RSACryptoServiceProvider.ImportCspBlob
导入它,但失败并出现错误:
System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: Bad Version of
provider.
完整堆栈跟踪:
Failed: System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: Bad Version of provider.
at System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException.ThrowCryptographicException(Int32 hr)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Utils._ImportCspBlob(Byte[] keyBlob, SafeProvHandle hProv, CspProviderFlags flags, SafeKeyHandle& hKey)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Utils.ImportCspBlobHelper(CspAlgorithmType keyType, Byte[] keyBlob, Boolean publicOnly, CspParameters& parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer, SafeProvHandle& safeProvHandle, SafeKeyHandle& safeKeyHandle)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.ImportCspBlob(Byte[] keyBlob)
at ConsoleApplication3.Program.DecodeRSA(Byte[] data, Int32 c_data) in C:\Users\myuser\Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Projects\myproj\ConsoleApplication3\Program.cs:line 28
at ConsoleApplication3.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\Users\myuser\Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Projects\myproj\ConsoleApplication3\Program.cs:line 14
Press any key to continue . . .
知道我做错了什么吗?
这是我的代码:
using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
namespace ConsoleApplication3
{
class Program
{
static public byte[] privateKey;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
privateKey = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\tmp\private.key");
DecodeRSA(privateKey);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Failed: {0}", e);
}
}
static public void DecodeRSA(byte[] data)
{
using (RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
{
rsa.ImportCspBlob(Program.privateKey);
}
}
}
}
您的私钥有 -Format. Private key BLOBs have another format. As already mentioned in the comments, the formats are very different and cannot be easily converted (see e.g. here)。当然你可以使用 PKCS1-PEM-key,但这并不容易。以下是一些选项:
可能性一:
如果您使用 .NET Core 3.0,则有 direct support for reading a PKCS1-key (see also ):
byte[] privateKeyPkcs1PEM = File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\tmp\private.key"); // PKCS1 - PEM
byte[] privateKeyPkcs1DER = ConvertPKCS1PemToDer(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(privateKeyPkcs1PEM));
RSA rsa = RSA.Create();
rsa.ImportRSAPrivateKey(privateKeyPkcs1DER, out _);
// use e.g. rsa.Decrypt(...)
然而,ImportRSAPrivateKey
-方法只能处理DER-format,它本质上是PEM-format的二进制格式(更多细节见here or )。因此,您必须将 PEM-format 转换为 DER-format,例如
private static byte[] ConvertPKCS1PemToDer(string pemContents)
{
return Convert.FromBase64String(pemContents
.TrimStart("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----".ToCharArray())
.TrimEnd("-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----".ToCharArray())
.Replace("\r\n",""));
}
或者,OpenSSL 也可以用于 conversion:
openssl rsa -inform PEM -outform DER -in C:\tmp\private.key -out C:\tmp\private.der
可能性2:
您可以使用 OpenSSL 将 PKCS1-PEM-key 转换为 PKCS8-DER-key。合适的 command 是:
openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform pem -in C:\tmp\private.key -outform der -nocrypt -out C:\tmp\privatepkcs8.der
解释了 PKCS1 格式和 PKCS8 格式之间的区别 . Then you can import the key with built-in .NET-methods (see also here,第 PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo 部分):
byte[] privateKeyPkcs8DER = File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\tmp\privatepkcs8.der"); // PKCS8 - DER
CngKey cngKey = CngKey.Import(privateKeyPkcs8DER, CngKeyBlobFormat.Pkcs8PrivateBlob);
RSA rsa = new RSACng(cngKey);
// use e.g. rsa.Decrypt(...)
可能性3:
如果可以用third-party-libraries,BouncyCastle也是一种可能:
StreamReader reader = File.OpenText(@"C:\tmp\private.key"); // PKCS1 - PEM
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keyPair = (AsymmetricCipherKeyPair)new PemReader(reader).ReadObject();
Pkcs1Encoding pkcs1Encoding = new Pkcs1Encoding(new RsaEngine());
// E.g. decryption
pkcs1Encoding.Init(false, keyPair.Private);
byte[] decrypted = pkcs1Encoding.ProcessBlock(encrypted, 0, encrypted.Length);
可能性4:
另一种可能性是使用可以处理 PKCS1 密钥的 DecodeRSAPrivateKey
-method from JavaScience
。然而,DecodeRSAPrivateKey
-方法只能处理DER-format。因此,您必须首先使用例如手动将 PEM-format 转换为 DER-format ConvertPKCS1PemToDer
或 OpenSSL。
多亏了@Topaco 的回答,我明白我需要找到 CSP blob,就像他提到的那样,它没有记录。
所以我只是用 byte[] a = rsa.ExportCspBlob(true);
得到它。
我将字节转换为 base64,这是对我有用的 base64 中正确的密钥格式:
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
值得一提的是,我只需要此函数成功通过即可,因为我正在处理黑盒应用程序并且无法更改代码,我需要为其提供正确的输入。
我有一个随机私钥("C:\tmp\private.key"
):
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
我尝试使用 RSACryptoServiceProvider.ImportCspBlob
导入它,但失败并出现错误:
System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: Bad Version of provider.
完整堆栈跟踪:
Failed: System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: Bad Version of provider.
at System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException.ThrowCryptographicException(Int32 hr)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Utils._ImportCspBlob(Byte[] keyBlob, SafeProvHandle hProv, CspProviderFlags flags, SafeKeyHandle& hKey)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Utils.ImportCspBlobHelper(CspAlgorithmType keyType, Byte[] keyBlob, Boolean publicOnly, CspParameters& parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer, SafeProvHandle& safeProvHandle, SafeKeyHandle& safeKeyHandle)
at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.ImportCspBlob(Byte[] keyBlob)
at ConsoleApplication3.Program.DecodeRSA(Byte[] data, Int32 c_data) in C:\Users\myuser\Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Projects\myproj\ConsoleApplication3\Program.cs:line 28
at ConsoleApplication3.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\Users\myuser\Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Projects\myproj\ConsoleApplication3\Program.cs:line 14
Press any key to continue . . .
知道我做错了什么吗?
这是我的代码:
using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
namespace ConsoleApplication3
{
class Program
{
static public byte[] privateKey;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
privateKey = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\tmp\private.key");
DecodeRSA(privateKey);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Failed: {0}", e);
}
}
static public void DecodeRSA(byte[] data)
{
using (RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
{
rsa.ImportCspBlob(Program.privateKey);
}
}
}
}
您的私钥有
可能性一:
如果您使用 .NET Core 3.0,则有 direct support for reading a PKCS1-key (see also
byte[] privateKeyPkcs1PEM = File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\tmp\private.key"); // PKCS1 - PEM
byte[] privateKeyPkcs1DER = ConvertPKCS1PemToDer(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(privateKeyPkcs1PEM));
RSA rsa = RSA.Create();
rsa.ImportRSAPrivateKey(privateKeyPkcs1DER, out _);
// use e.g. rsa.Decrypt(...)
然而,ImportRSAPrivateKey
-方法只能处理DER-format,它本质上是PEM-format的二进制格式(更多细节见here or
private static byte[] ConvertPKCS1PemToDer(string pemContents)
{
return Convert.FromBase64String(pemContents
.TrimStart("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----".ToCharArray())
.TrimEnd("-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----".ToCharArray())
.Replace("\r\n",""));
}
或者,OpenSSL 也可以用于 conversion:
openssl rsa -inform PEM -outform DER -in C:\tmp\private.key -out C:\tmp\private.der
可能性2:
您可以使用 OpenSSL 将 PKCS1-PEM-key 转换为 PKCS8-DER-key。合适的 command 是:
openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform pem -in C:\tmp\private.key -outform der -nocrypt -out C:\tmp\privatepkcs8.der
解释了 PKCS1 格式和 PKCS8 格式之间的区别
byte[] privateKeyPkcs8DER = File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\tmp\privatepkcs8.der"); // PKCS8 - DER
CngKey cngKey = CngKey.Import(privateKeyPkcs8DER, CngKeyBlobFormat.Pkcs8PrivateBlob);
RSA rsa = new RSACng(cngKey);
// use e.g. rsa.Decrypt(...)
可能性3:
如果可以用third-party-libraries,BouncyCastle也是一种可能:
StreamReader reader = File.OpenText(@"C:\tmp\private.key"); // PKCS1 - PEM
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keyPair = (AsymmetricCipherKeyPair)new PemReader(reader).ReadObject();
Pkcs1Encoding pkcs1Encoding = new Pkcs1Encoding(new RsaEngine());
// E.g. decryption
pkcs1Encoding.Init(false, keyPair.Private);
byte[] decrypted = pkcs1Encoding.ProcessBlock(encrypted, 0, encrypted.Length);
可能性4:
另一种可能性是使用可以处理 PKCS1 密钥的 DecodeRSAPrivateKey
-method from JavaScience
。然而,DecodeRSAPrivateKey
-方法只能处理DER-format。因此,您必须首先使用例如手动将 PEM-format 转换为 DER-format ConvertPKCS1PemToDer
或 OpenSSL。
多亏了@Topaco 的回答,我明白我需要找到 CSP blob,就像他提到的那样,它没有记录。
所以我只是用 byte[] a = rsa.ExportCspBlob(true);
得到它。
我将字节转换为 base64,这是对我有用的 base64 中正确的密钥格式:
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
值得一提的是,我只需要此函数成功通过即可,因为我正在处理黑盒应用程序并且无法更改代码,我需要为其提供正确的输入。