将我的自定义小部件连接到我的屏幕管理器
connecting my custom widget to my screen manager
我正在尝试使用 Python 和 kivy 构建应用程序。
在我的 kv 文件中，我想创建一个自定义小部件 (MenuFloatLayout)
可以被其他屏幕引用。它基本上是每个屏幕上的菜单栏。此栏包含多个处于按下状态的切换按钮，如果您当前位于此按钮所在的屏幕上，则这些按钮将被禁用。linked。
引用者：
状态："down" if root.manager.current == 'Screenname' else "normal"
问题是：
root.manager.current 不再 linked 到通常的屏幕管理器，
因为我的自定义小部件现在是根。
有解决办法吗？
或者是否有更简单的方法 link 用户所在屏幕的切换按钮状态？
我是编程新手 Python，很高兴您能给我任何帮助或提示！谢谢！
Python 文件：
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import Screen, ScreenManager
class StartWindow(Screen):
pass
class PortfolioOverview(Screen):
pass
class Portfolio(Screen):
pass
class Market(Screen):
pass
class Economics(Screen):
pass
class PortfolioTools(Screen):
pass
class WindowManager(ScreenManager):
pass
kv = Builder.load_file("vigiles.kv")
class VigilesApp(App):
def build(self):
return kv
if __name__ == "__main__":
VigilesApp().run()
以及 kv 文件：
WindowManager:
StartWindow:
PortfolioOverview:
Portfolio:
Market:
Economics:
PortfolioTools:
<MenuFloatLayout@FloatLayout>:
Label:
text: "Portfolio"
markup: True
size_hint: 0.5, None
height: 30
pos_hint:{"top":1, "left":1}
TextInput:
text: "Search"
multiline: False
size_hint: 0.5, None
height: 30
pos_hint:{"top":1, "right":1}
ScrollView:
size_hint: None, None
do_scroll_y: False
do_scroll_x: True
size: 500, 150
GridLayout:
rows: 1
size_hint_y: None
ToggleButton:
group: "pmenu"
text: 'Overview'
state: "down" if root.manager.current == 'poverview' else "normal"
disabled: True if root.manager.current == 'poverview' else False
background_disabled_down: "atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed"
disabled_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
on_release: app.root.current = "poverview"
ToggleButton:
group: "pmenu"
text: 'Portfolio'
state: "down" if root.manager.current == 'portfolio' else "normal"
disabled: True if root.manager.current == 'portfolio' else False
background_disabled_down: "atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed"
disabled_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
on_release: app.root.current = "portfolio"
ToggleButton:
group: "pmenu"
text: 'Market'
state: "down" if root.manager.current == 'market' else "normal"
disabled: True if root.manager.current == 'market' else False
background_disabled_down: "atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed"
disabled_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
on_release: app.root.current = "market"
ToggleButton:
group: "pmenu"
text: 'Economics'
state: "down" if root.manager.current == 'economics' else "normal"
disabled: True if root.manager.current == 'economics' else False
background_disabled_down: "atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed"
disabled_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
on_release: app.root.current = "economics"
ToggleButton:
group: "pmenu"
text: 'Tools'
state: "down" if root.manager.current == 'ptools' else "normal"
disabled: True if root.manager.current == 'ptools' else False
background_disabled_down: "atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed"
disabled_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
on_release: app.root.current = "ptools"
<StartWindow>:
name: "start"
BoxLayout:
canvas:
Rectangle:
size: self.size
color: 1, 1, 1, 0
id: login_layout
orientation: 'vertical'
padding: [10,10,10,10]
spacing: 30
Label:
text: 'some text'
font_size: 32
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Label:
text: 'Login'
font_size: 18
halign: 'left'
text_size: root.width-20, 20
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
TextInput:
id: login
multiline:False
font_size: 28
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Label:
text: 'Password'
halign: 'left'
font_size: 18
text_size: root.width-20, 20
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
TextInput:
id: password
multiline:False
password:True
font_size: 28
Button:
text: 'Connect'
font_size: 24
on_release: app.root.current = "poverview"
<PortfolioOverview>:
name: "poverview"
MenuFloatLayout:
<Portfolio>:
name: "portfolio"
MenuFloatLayout:
<Market>:
name: "market"
MenuFloatLayout:
<Economics>:
name: "economics"
MenuFloatLayout:
<PortfolioTools>:
name: "ptools"
MenuFloatLayout:
目标是 link 我的自定义小部件返回到我的屏幕管理器，或者找到一个更简单的解决方案 link 切换按钮状态到当前屏幕。
AttributeError: 'MenuFloatLayout' 对象没有属性 'manager'
我会让您的根小部件成为布局小部件（GridLayout、BoxLayout 或 FloatLayout），并让您的屏幕管理器仅占用实际屏幕的一部分。尝试改变
WindowManager:
StartWindow:
PortfolioOverview:
Portfolio:
至：
GridLayout:
# Play with using a FloatLayout or BoxLayout instead of GridLayout if you want
cols: 1
MenuFloatLayout:
id: the_menu_id
WindowManager:
StartWindow:
PortfolioOverview:
Portfolio:
这样你的菜单就会保留下来，屏幕管理器只会改变实际屏幕的一部分。
通过给 MenuFloatLayout 一个 id 你可以引用它。要从 Python 端引用它，如果您从 App 对象引用它，请使用 self.root.ids.the_menu_id。如果你在一些其他类型的对象中，你可以通过首先导入 App (import App) 然后使用 App.get_running_app().root.ids.the_menu_id
来做同样的事情
要从您的屏幕引用它，您可以使用 app 关键字。例如：app.root.ids.the_menu_id
引用菜单 id 的所有三种方式在本质上是相同的。
问题
MenuFloatLayout- 使用大量资源，例如内存，这会使应用程序变大且性能不佳
解决方案
- 创建一个
MenuFloatLayout 实例
- 每个屏幕引用
MenuFloatLayout 的唯一一个实例
- 使用嵌套
ScreenManager。这第一个 ScreenManager 用于控制身份验证/登录屏幕。第二个 ScreenManager 用于不同屏幕之间的导航。
- 为
ToggleButton 创建 dynamic class
例子
main.py
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import Screen, ScreenManager
class StartWindow(Screen):
pass
class PortfolioOverview(Screen):
pass
class Portfolio(Screen):
pass
class Market(Screen):
pass
class Economics(Screen):
pass
class PortfolioTools(Screen):
pass
class WindowManager(ScreenManager):
pass
Builder.load_file("main.kv")
class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
return WindowManager()
if __name__ == "__main__":
TestApp().run()
main.kv - kv 文件
<WindowManager>:
sm2: sm2
StartWindow:
Screen:
name: 'connect'
ScreenManager:
id: sm2
PortfolioOverview:
Portfolio:
Market:
Economics:
PortfolioTools:
MenuFloatLayout:
<CustomToggleButton@ToggleButton>: # dynamic class
group: "pmenu"
state: "normal" if app.root is None else "down" if app.root.sm2.current == self.text.lower() else "normal"
background_disabled_down: "atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed"
disabled_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
on_state:
if self.state == "down": self.disabled = True
else: self.disabled = False
on_release:
app.root.sm2.current = self.text.lower()
<MenuFloatLayout@FloatLayout>: # dynamic class
Label:
text: "Portfolio"
markup: True
size_hint: 0.5, None
height: 30
pos_hint:{"top":1, "left":1}
TextInput:
hint_text: "Search"
multiline: False
size_hint: 0.5, None
height: 30
pos_hint:{"top":1, "right":1}
ScrollView:
size_hint: None, None
do_scroll_y: False
do_scroll_x: True
size: 500, 150
GridLayout:
rows: 1
size_hint_y: None
CustomToggleButton:
text: 'Overview'
state: 'down' # default
CustomToggleButton:
text: 'Portfolio'
CustomToggleButton:
text: 'Market'
CustomToggleButton:
text: 'Economics'
CustomToggleButton:
text: 'Tools'
<StartWindow>:
name: "start"
BoxLayout:
canvas:
Rectangle:
size: self.size
color: 1, 1, 1, 0
id: login_layout
orientation: 'vertical'
padding: [10,10,10,10]
spacing: 30
Label:
text: 'some text'
font_size: 32
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Label:
text: 'Login'
font_size: 18
halign: 'left'
text_size: root.width-20, 20
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
TextInput:
id: login
multiline:False
font_size: 28
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Label:
text: 'Password'
halign: 'left'
font_size: 18
text_size: root.width-20, 20
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
TextInput:
id: password
multiline:False
password:True
font_size: 28
Button:
text: 'Connect'
font_size: 24
on_release:
root.manager.current = 'connect'
<PortfolioOverview>:
name: "overview"
Label:
text: 'Screen - Overview'
<Portfolio>:
name: "portfolio"
Label:
text: 'Screen - Portfolio'
<Market>:
name: "market"
Label:
text: 'Screen - Market'
<Economics>:
name: "economics"
Label:
text: 'Screen - Economics'
<PortfolioTools>:
name: "tools"
Label:
text: 'Screen - Portfolio Tools'
输出
我正在尝试使用 Python 和 kivy 构建应用程序。 在我的 kv 文件中，我想创建一个自定义小部件 (MenuFloatLayout) 可以被其他屏幕引用。它基本上是每个屏幕上的菜单栏。此栏包含多个处于按下状态的切换按钮，如果您当前位于此按钮所在的屏幕上，则这些按钮将被禁用。linked。
引用者： 状态："down" if root.manager.current == 'Screenname' else "normal"
问题是： root.manager.current 不再 linked 到通常的屏幕管理器， 因为我的自定义小部件现在是根。
有解决办法吗？ 或者是否有更简单的方法 link 用户所在屏幕的切换按钮状态？
我是编程新手 Python，很高兴您能给我任何帮助或提示！谢谢！
Python 文件：
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import Screen, ScreenManager
class StartWindow(Screen):
pass
class PortfolioOverview(Screen):
pass
class Portfolio(Screen):
pass
class Market(Screen):
pass
class Economics(Screen):
pass
class PortfolioTools(Screen):
pass
class WindowManager(ScreenManager):
pass
kv = Builder.load_file("vigiles.kv")
class VigilesApp(App):
def build(self):
return kv
if __name__ == "__main__":
VigilesApp().run()
以及 kv 文件：
WindowManager:
StartWindow:
PortfolioOverview:
Portfolio:
Market:
Economics:
PortfolioTools:
<MenuFloatLayout@FloatLayout>:
Label:
text: "Portfolio"
markup: True
size_hint: 0.5, None
height: 30
pos_hint:{"top":1, "left":1}
TextInput:
text: "Search"
multiline: False
size_hint: 0.5, None
height: 30
pos_hint:{"top":1, "right":1}
ScrollView:
size_hint: None, None
do_scroll_y: False
do_scroll_x: True
size: 500, 150
GridLayout:
rows: 1
size_hint_y: None
ToggleButton:
group: "pmenu"
text: 'Overview'
state: "down" if root.manager.current == 'poverview' else "normal"
disabled: True if root.manager.current == 'poverview' else False
background_disabled_down: "atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed"
disabled_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
on_release: app.root.current = "poverview"
ToggleButton:
group: "pmenu"
text: 'Portfolio'
state: "down" if root.manager.current == 'portfolio' else "normal"
disabled: True if root.manager.current == 'portfolio' else False
background_disabled_down: "atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed"
disabled_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
on_release: app.root.current = "portfolio"
ToggleButton:
group: "pmenu"
text: 'Market'
state: "down" if root.manager.current == 'market' else "normal"
disabled: True if root.manager.current == 'market' else False
background_disabled_down: "atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed"
disabled_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
on_release: app.root.current = "market"
ToggleButton:
group: "pmenu"
text: 'Economics'
state: "down" if root.manager.current == 'economics' else "normal"
disabled: True if root.manager.current == 'economics' else False
background_disabled_down: "atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed"
disabled_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
on_release: app.root.current = "economics"
ToggleButton:
group: "pmenu"
text: 'Tools'
state: "down" if root.manager.current == 'ptools' else "normal"
disabled: True if root.manager.current == 'ptools' else False
background_disabled_down: "atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed"
disabled_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
on_release: app.root.current = "ptools"
<StartWindow>:
name: "start"
BoxLayout:
canvas:
Rectangle:
size: self.size
color: 1, 1, 1, 0
id: login_layout
orientation: 'vertical'
padding: [10,10,10,10]
spacing: 30
Label:
text: 'some text'
font_size: 32
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Label:
text: 'Login'
font_size: 18
halign: 'left'
text_size: root.width-20, 20
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
TextInput:
id: login
multiline:False
font_size: 28
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Label:
text: 'Password'
halign: 'left'
font_size: 18
text_size: root.width-20, 20
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
TextInput:
id: password
multiline:False
password:True
font_size: 28
Button:
text: 'Connect'
font_size: 24
on_release: app.root.current = "poverview"
<PortfolioOverview>:
name: "poverview"
MenuFloatLayout:
<Portfolio>:
name: "portfolio"
MenuFloatLayout:
<Market>:
name: "market"
MenuFloatLayout:
<Economics>:
name: "economics"
MenuFloatLayout:
<PortfolioTools>:
name: "ptools"
MenuFloatLayout:
目标是 link 我的自定义小部件返回到我的屏幕管理器，或者找到一个更简单的解决方案 link 切换按钮状态到当前屏幕。
AttributeError: 'MenuFloatLayout' 对象没有属性 'manager'
我会让您的根小部件成为布局小部件（GridLayout、BoxLayout 或 FloatLayout），并让您的屏幕管理器仅占用实际屏幕的一部分。尝试改变
WindowManager:
StartWindow:
PortfolioOverview:
Portfolio:
至：
GridLayout:
# Play with using a FloatLayout or BoxLayout instead of GridLayout if you want
cols: 1
MenuFloatLayout:
id: the_menu_id
WindowManager:
StartWindow:
PortfolioOverview:
Portfolio:
这样你的菜单就会保留下来，屏幕管理器只会改变实际屏幕的一部分。
通过给 MenuFloatLayout 一个 id 你可以引用它。要从 Python 端引用它，如果您从 App 对象引用它，请使用 self.root.ids.the_menu_id。如果你在一些其他类型的对象中，你可以通过首先导入 App (import App) 然后使用 App.get_running_app().root.ids.the_menu_id
要从您的屏幕引用它，您可以使用 app 关键字。例如：app.root.ids.the_menu_id
引用菜单 id 的所有三种方式在本质上是相同的。
问题
MenuFloatLayout的实例过多
- 使用大量资源，例如内存，这会使应用程序变大且性能不佳
解决方案
- 创建一个
MenuFloatLayout 实例
- 每个屏幕引用
MenuFloatLayout 的唯一一个实例
- 使用嵌套
ScreenManager。这第一个ScreenManager用于控制身份验证/登录屏幕。第二个ScreenManager用于不同屏幕之间的导航。 - 为
ToggleButton 创建 dynamic class
例子
main.py
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import Screen, ScreenManager
class StartWindow(Screen):
pass
class PortfolioOverview(Screen):
pass
class Portfolio(Screen):
pass
class Market(Screen):
pass
class Economics(Screen):
pass
class PortfolioTools(Screen):
pass
class WindowManager(ScreenManager):
pass
Builder.load_file("main.kv")
class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
return WindowManager()
if __name__ == "__main__":
TestApp().run()
main.kv - kv 文件
<WindowManager>:
sm2: sm2
StartWindow:
Screen:
name: 'connect'
ScreenManager:
id: sm2
PortfolioOverview:
Portfolio:
Market:
Economics:
PortfolioTools:
MenuFloatLayout:
<CustomToggleButton@ToggleButton>: # dynamic class
group: "pmenu"
state: "normal" if app.root is None else "down" if app.root.sm2.current == self.text.lower() else "normal"
background_disabled_down: "atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/button_pressed"
disabled_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
on_state:
if self.state == "down": self.disabled = True
else: self.disabled = False
on_release:
app.root.sm2.current = self.text.lower()
<MenuFloatLayout@FloatLayout>: # dynamic class
Label:
text: "Portfolio"
markup: True
size_hint: 0.5, None
height: 30
pos_hint:{"top":1, "left":1}
TextInput:
hint_text: "Search"
multiline: False
size_hint: 0.5, None
height: 30
pos_hint:{"top":1, "right":1}
ScrollView:
size_hint: None, None
do_scroll_y: False
do_scroll_x: True
size: 500, 150
GridLayout:
rows: 1
size_hint_y: None
CustomToggleButton:
text: 'Overview'
state: 'down' # default
CustomToggleButton:
text: 'Portfolio'
CustomToggleButton:
text: 'Market'
CustomToggleButton:
text: 'Economics'
CustomToggleButton:
text: 'Tools'
<StartWindow>:
name: "start"
BoxLayout:
canvas:
Rectangle:
size: self.size
color: 1, 1, 1, 0
id: login_layout
orientation: 'vertical'
padding: [10,10,10,10]
spacing: 30
Label:
text: 'some text'
font_size: 32
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Label:
text: 'Login'
font_size: 18
halign: 'left'
text_size: root.width-20, 20
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
TextInput:
id: login
multiline:False
font_size: 28
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Label:
text: 'Password'
halign: 'left'
font_size: 18
text_size: root.width-20, 20
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
TextInput:
id: password
multiline:False
password:True
font_size: 28
Button:
text: 'Connect'
font_size: 24
on_release:
root.manager.current = 'connect'
<PortfolioOverview>:
name: "overview"
Label:
text: 'Screen - Overview'
<Portfolio>:
name: "portfolio"
Label:
text: 'Screen - Portfolio'
<Market>:
name: "market"
Label:
text: 'Screen - Market'
<Economics>:
name: "economics"
Label:
text: 'Screen - Economics'
<PortfolioTools>:
name: "tools"
Label:
text: 'Screen - Portfolio Tools'