INSERT语句与FOREIGN KEY约束冲突的问题

The INSERT statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint problem

我有下面的脚本,它给了我一个错误: "The INSERT statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK_dbo.PlanShiftAssignments_dbo.User_UserId”。冲突发生在数据库 "SWS"、table "dbo.User"、列 'Id' 中。 声明已终止。"

如您所见,在 WHERE 子句中我检查 UserId 是否存在于 dbo.User 中。错误的其他可能原因是什么?

更新: 我还想知道 select 语句中的哪一行导致了错误。任何有关调试此查询的建议都将不胜感激。我正在使用 MS SQL Server Management Studio。

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[PlanShiftAssignments] (
    [PlanShiftId] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL,
    [Status] [int] NOT NULL,
    [UserId] [int],
    CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.PlanShiftAssignments] PRIMARY KEY ([PlanShiftId])
)
CREATE INDEX [IX_PlanShiftId] ON [dbo].[PlanShiftAssignments]([PlanShiftId])
CREATE INDEX [IX_UserId] ON [dbo].[PlanShiftAssignments]([UserId])
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PlanShiftAssignments] ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.PlanShiftAssignments_dbo.PlanShifts_PlanShiftId] FOREIGN KEY ([PlanShiftId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[PlanShifts] ([Id])
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PlanShiftAssignments] ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.PlanShiftAssignments_dbo.User_UserId] FOREIGN KEY ([UserId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[User] ([Id])
insert into dbo.PlanShiftAssignments
                    select ps.Id as PlanShiftId, ISNULL(ps.AssigneeId, psi.UserId) as UserId, ISNULL(psi.[Status], 1) as [Status] from dbo.PlanShifts ps
                    left join 
                    dbo.PlanShiftInvitations psi
                    on ps.Id = psi.PlanShiftId
                    where (psi.UserId is not null and psi.UserId IN (select Id from dbo.[User])) 
                    or (ps.AssigneeId is not null and ps.AssigneeId IN (select Id from dbo.[User]))

可能是因为您在 WHERE 子句中指定了 OR,因此 AssigneeId 或 UserId 在用户 table 中而不是另一个,因此使 FK 约束无效。

您的数据模型很奇怪,如果 UserIdAssigneeId 尚未在基础表中引用 User

无论如何,您的 where 子句是

where (psi.UserId is not null and psi.UserId IN (select Id from dbo.[User])) or
      (ps.AssigneeId is not null and ps.AssigneeId IN (select Id from dbo.[User]))

这留下了 psi.UserId 匹配但 ps.AssigneeId 不匹配的可能性。

为确保逻辑匹配,请使用与 select 中相同的表达式:

where coalesce(ps.AssigneeId, psi.UserId) in (select Id from dbo.[User])

确保您始终在每个INSERT语句中包含目标的列列表。

insert into dbo.PlanShiftAssignments (
    PlanShiftId,
    UserId,
    Status)
SELECT
    ps.Id as PlanShiftId, 
    ISNULL(ps.AssigneeId, psi.UserId) as UserId, 
    ISNULL(psi.[Status], 1) as [Status]
...

您的 table 是使用顺序 PlanShiftId, Status, UserId 创建的,而您当前 SELECT 的列顺序是 PlanShiftId, UserId, Status,因此造成了混淆。