如何将一个字段的生命周期指定为其他字段的组合?
How do I specify the lifetime of a field as a combination of other fields?
我有一个函数将两个参数存储在一个结构中的三个引用字段中。我不知道如何指定第三个结果字段的生命周期,它是函数前两个参数生命周期的组合。
我尝试将前两个引用参数存储在结构中。这工作得很好,没有兴趣。更有趣的是我在下面展示的案例,我没有解决方案。
我知道这段代码没有任何意义;它只是说明了问题。
// This function can be found in "Lifetime Annotations in Function Signatures" of the Rust manual
fn longest<'a>(x: &'a str, y: &'a str) -> &'a str {
if x.len() > y.len() {
x
} else {
y
}
}
// Here comes the interesting part; 1st the result type of my function
struct SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c> {
arg1: &'a str,
arg2: &'b str,
result: &'c str,
}
// ... and now the function, that does not compile and shall be corrected
fn silly_fkt<'a, 'b, 'c: 'a + 'b>(arg1: &'a str, arg2: &'b str) -> SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c> {
// Neither the following line ...
// SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c>{arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, result: longest(arg1, arg2)}
// ... nor the following line work
SillyResult {
arg1,
arg2,
result: longest(arg1, arg2),
}
}
我们的想法是将生命周期 'a
和 'b
合并为生命周期 'c
。
然而,它给出了一堆抱怨生命周期的错误:
error[E0495]: cannot infer an appropriate lifetime for lifetime parameter 'a in function call due to conflicting requirements
--> src/lib.rs:25:17
|
25 | result: longest(arg1, arg2),
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
note: first, the lifetime cannot outlive the lifetime 'b as defined on the function body at 18:18...
--> src/lib.rs:18:18
|
18 | fn silly_fkt<'a, 'b, 'c: 'a + 'b>(arg1: &'a str, arg2: &'b str) -> SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c> {
| ^^
note: ...so that reference does not outlive borrowed content
--> src/lib.rs:25:31
|
25 | result: longest(arg1, arg2),
| ^^^^
note: but, the lifetime must be valid for the lifetime 'c as defined on the function body at 18:22...
--> src/lib.rs:18:22
|
18 | fn silly_fkt<'a, 'b, 'c: 'a + 'b>(arg1: &'a str, arg2: &'b str) -> SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c> {
| ^^
= note: ...so that the expression is assignable:
expected SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c>
found SillyResult<'_, '_, '_>
我试图将 silly_fkt
的最后一行更改为
SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c>{ arg1, arg2, result: longest(arg1, arg2) }
但这不起作用。
silly_fkt
的正确代码是什么?
你有 :
倒过来的语义:'c: 'a
意味着 'c
outlives 'a
,你想说 'c
比 'a
长寿(这样你就可以提供生命周期 'a
的参考,其中生命周期 'c
是预期的)。所以你需要反过来写生命周期约束。
您可以写 <'a: 'c, 'b: 'c, 'c>
,但我发现使用 where
子句更容易阅读:
fn silly_fkt<'a, 'b, 'c>(arg1: &'a str, arg2: &'b str) -> SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c>
where
'a: 'c,
'b: 'c,
{
SillyResult {
arg1,
arg2,
result: longest(arg1, arg2),
}
}
我有一个函数将两个参数存储在一个结构中的三个引用字段中。我不知道如何指定第三个结果字段的生命周期,它是函数前两个参数生命周期的组合。
我尝试将前两个引用参数存储在结构中。这工作得很好,没有兴趣。更有趣的是我在下面展示的案例,我没有解决方案。
我知道这段代码没有任何意义;它只是说明了问题。
// This function can be found in "Lifetime Annotations in Function Signatures" of the Rust manual
fn longest<'a>(x: &'a str, y: &'a str) -> &'a str {
if x.len() > y.len() {
x
} else {
y
}
}
// Here comes the interesting part; 1st the result type of my function
struct SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c> {
arg1: &'a str,
arg2: &'b str,
result: &'c str,
}
// ... and now the function, that does not compile and shall be corrected
fn silly_fkt<'a, 'b, 'c: 'a + 'b>(arg1: &'a str, arg2: &'b str) -> SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c> {
// Neither the following line ...
// SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c>{arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, result: longest(arg1, arg2)}
// ... nor the following line work
SillyResult {
arg1,
arg2,
result: longest(arg1, arg2),
}
}
我们的想法是将生命周期 'a
和 'b
合并为生命周期 'c
。
然而,它给出了一堆抱怨生命周期的错误:
error[E0495]: cannot infer an appropriate lifetime for lifetime parameter 'a in function call due to conflicting requirements
--> src/lib.rs:25:17
|
25 | result: longest(arg1, arg2),
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
note: first, the lifetime cannot outlive the lifetime 'b as defined on the function body at 18:18...
--> src/lib.rs:18:18
|
18 | fn silly_fkt<'a, 'b, 'c: 'a + 'b>(arg1: &'a str, arg2: &'b str) -> SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c> {
| ^^
note: ...so that reference does not outlive borrowed content
--> src/lib.rs:25:31
|
25 | result: longest(arg1, arg2),
| ^^^^
note: but, the lifetime must be valid for the lifetime 'c as defined on the function body at 18:22...
--> src/lib.rs:18:22
|
18 | fn silly_fkt<'a, 'b, 'c: 'a + 'b>(arg1: &'a str, arg2: &'b str) -> SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c> {
| ^^
= note: ...so that the expression is assignable:
expected SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c>
found SillyResult<'_, '_, '_>
我试图将 silly_fkt
的最后一行更改为
SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c>{ arg1, arg2, result: longest(arg1, arg2) }
但这不起作用。
silly_fkt
的正确代码是什么?
你有 :
倒过来的语义:'c: 'a
意味着 'c
outlives 'a
,你想说 'c
比 'a
长寿(这样你就可以提供生命周期 'a
的参考,其中生命周期 'c
是预期的)。所以你需要反过来写生命周期约束。
您可以写 <'a: 'c, 'b: 'c, 'c>
,但我发现使用 where
子句更容易阅读:
fn silly_fkt<'a, 'b, 'c>(arg1: &'a str, arg2: &'b str) -> SillyResult<'a, 'b, 'c>
where
'a: 'c,
'b: 'c,
{
SillyResult {
arg1,
arg2,
result: longest(arg1, arg2),
}
}