如何实现连续且没有间隙的响应式砌体式布局？

Question

如何实现与 Pintrest 具有相似属性的布局？

具体来说：

所有图片宽度相同的响应式布局。
所有图片都包含在一张 div 中。没有多个容器试图复制 "columns"，例如使用 flexbox.
布局的顺序是没有间隙的。例如，如果布局是两列，并且图片的宽度和高度为：[(100,400), (100,100), (100,400), (100,100), (100,400), (100,100)]，则列的高度将大致相同，而不是左侧的 1200 和左侧的 400正确的。下面的屏幕截图说明了这一点。

这是一个屏幕截图，显示所有照片都在一个 div 容器中。

响应式布局：

第三个要点的示例：深色淋浴图片位于悬挂座椅图片下方，而不是外部房屋图片下方。这是因为吊座图的高度较小。

同样，当布局为两栏宽时：卧室的图片位于扶手椅下方，因为吊椅图片的高度较小。

尽管此 post 看起来与 CSS-only masonry layout 相似，但解决方案并未产生预期的结果：

使用@Oliver Joseph Ash 解决方案导致：

grid-container {
  display: flex;
  flex-flow: column wrap;
  align-content: space-between;
  /* Your container needs a fixed height, and it 
   * needs to be taller than your tallest column. */
  height: 960px;
  /* Optional */
  background-color: #f7f7f7;
  border-radius: 3px;
  padding: 20px;
  width: 60%;
  margin: 40px auto;
  counter-reset: items;
}

grid-item {
  width: 24%;
  /* Optional */
  position: relative;
  margin-bottom: 2%;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background-color: #a1cbfa;
  border: 1px solid #4290e2;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 2px rgba(0, 90, 250, 0.05), 0 4px 4px rgba(0, 90, 250, 0.05), 0 8px 8px rgba(0, 90, 250, 0.05), 0 16px 16px rgba(0, 90, 250, 0.05);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 15px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

<grid-container>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://g.foolcdn.com/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg.foolcdn.com%2Feditorial%2Fimages%2F492452%2Fgettyimages-1014028076.jpg&w=700&op=resize">
      <img src="https://g.foolcdn.com/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg.foolcdn.com%2Feditorial%2Fimages%2F492452%2Fgettyimages-1014028076.jpg&w=700&op=resize">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://image.jimcdn.com/app/cms/image/transf/none/path/sa716b1500dd60f05/image/ic839a74ed6a8a054/version/1519833130/image.jpg">
      <img src="https://image.jimcdn.com/app/cms/image/transf/none/path/sa716b1500dd60f05/image/ic839a74ed6a8a054/version/1519833130/image.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://c8.alamy.com/comp/AXBEXR/stock-photograph-of-a-asian-teen-with-a-trumpet-to-her-ear-AXBEXR.jpg">
      <img src="https://c8.alamy.com/comp/AXBEXR/stock-photograph-of-a-asian-teen-with-a-trumpet-to-her-ear-AXBEXR.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/cyber-woman-orange-11363555.jpg">
      <img src="https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/cyber-woman-orange-11363555.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcThObqAcFeb4byMcwLVkU1JVMYonpavYmEukk9r3rqF2oBTnd1q">
      <img src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcThObqAcFeb4byMcwLVkU1JVMYonpavYmEukk9r3rqF2oBTnd1q">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://www.demilked.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/5aaa1cce4180b-funny-weird-wtf-stock-photos-57-5a3bb7ba3c266__700.jpg">
      <img src="https://www.demilked.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/5aaa1cce4180b-funny-weird-wtf-stock-photos-57-5a3bb7ba3c266__700.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-5-5b0801c7504b2__700.jpg">
      <img src="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-5-5b0801c7504b2__700.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-8-5b0801cd0f33d__700.jpg">
      <img src="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-8-5b0801cd0f33d__700.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://www.atomix.com.au/media/2017/07/StockPhotoBanner.jpg">
      <img src="https://www.atomix.com.au/media/2017/07/StockPhotoBanner.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
</grid-container>

这使得输出看起来像：

而@Michael_B解决方案：

grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-auto-rows: 50px;
  grid-gap: 10px;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(30%, 1fr));
}

grid-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.3em;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: white;
}

img {
  width: 200px;
}

<grid-container>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://g.foolcdn.com/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg.foolcdn.com%2Feditorial%2Fimages%2F492452%2Fgettyimages-1014028076.jpg&w=700&op=resize">
      <img src="https://g.foolcdn.com/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg.foolcdn.com%2Feditorial%2Fimages%2F492452%2Fgettyimages-1014028076.jpg&w=700&op=resize">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://image.jimcdn.com/app/cms/image/transf/none/path/sa716b1500dd60f05/image/ic839a74ed6a8a054/version/1519833130/image.jpg">
      <img src="https://image.jimcdn.com/app/cms/image/transf/none/path/sa716b1500dd60f05/image/ic839a74ed6a8a054/version/1519833130/image.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://c8.alamy.com/comp/AXBEXR/stock-photograph-of-a-asian-teen-with-a-trumpet-to-her-ear-AXBEXR.jpg">
      <img src="https://c8.alamy.com/comp/AXBEXR/stock-photograph-of-a-asian-teen-with-a-trumpet-to-her-ear-AXBEXR.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/cyber-woman-orange-11363555.jpg">
      <img src="https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/cyber-woman-orange-11363555.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcThObqAcFeb4byMcwLVkU1JVMYonpavYmEukk9r3rqF2oBTnd1q">
      <img src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcThObqAcFeb4byMcwLVkU1JVMYonpavYmEukk9r3rqF2oBTnd1q">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://www.demilked.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/5aaa1cce4180b-funny-weird-wtf-stock-photos-57-5a3bb7ba3c266__700.jpg">
      <img src="https://www.demilked.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/5aaa1cce4180b-funny-weird-wtf-stock-photos-57-5a3bb7ba3c266__700.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-5-5b0801c7504b2__700.jpg">
      <img src="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-5-5b0801c7504b2__700.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-8-5b0801cd0f33d__700.jpg">
      <img src="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-8-5b0801cd0f33d__700.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://www.atomix.com.au/media/2017/07/StockPhotoBanner.jpg">
      <img src="https://www.atomix.com.au/media/2017/07/StockPhotoBanner.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
</grid-container>

好多了但是导致图片高度重叠：

Answer 1

我的建议是设置一些 "span" 类并限制 images/masonry-items 的高度是最小单位的倍数。这种方法只允许 CSS 砌体，但我们需要事先知道最小单位项目的倍数（例如，在渲染 HTML 时），因此我们可以应用这些跨度类可能看起来像这样：

.grid-span-2 {
  grid-row-end: span 2;
}
.grid-span-3 {
  grid-row-end: span 3;
}
.grid-span-4 {
  grid-row-end: span 4;
}
...

如果这不可能，下一个最佳方法是使用一点 JS 来根据项目高度动态计算行跨度。下面的代码片段应该给出了如何处理这个问题的想法。

最重要的部分如下：

    const sizeItems = () => {
        // only trigger DOM repaint when necessary
        if ( $('.grid-container')[0].style.gridAutoRows !== '1px' ) {
            $('.grid-container')[0].style.gridAutoRows = '1px';
        }

        $('.grid-item > *').forEach(el => {
            const height = Math.floor(el.getBoundingClientRect().height);
            // only trigger DOM repaint when necessary
            if ( el.parentElement.style.gridRowEnd !== `span ${height}` ) {
                el.parentElement.style.gridRowEnd = `span ${height}`;
            }
        });
    }

我们需要等待图片加载完成后才能执行此操作，并且在调整视口大小时再次执行此操作，基本上就是 JS 代码的其余部分。

我们在这里做的是获取网格项中内容的real/true高度。我更喜欢在每个网格中使用包装元素-item 并用它来衡量。为什么？

a) grid-module 中的某些属性可能会在您看不到的情况下干扰 grid-item 的实际高度，然后可能导致不正确的高度计算。

b) 使用这种方法我们不能使用网格间隙（因为在这种极端情况下我们正在制作 1px 行以获得最精确的尺寸）因为它会弄乱单元格高度，所以仍然是能够有间隙，我们也可以使用这个包装器 div 并对其应用填充以模仿网格间隙。

对于我们设置的 JS 方法 grid-auto-rows: 1px;，这在项目高度方面为我们提供了最大的灵活性，因为基本上每个网格单元格的大小都可以精确调整以适合其内容，请注意尽管可以一些 1px 的小故障，很可能是由于亚像素渲染...

// micro DOM helper, just for convenience
const $ = window.$ = function(a,b){return Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(a, b));};

const sizeItems = () => {
 // only trigger DOM repaint when necessary
 if ( $('.grid-container')[0].style.gridAutoRows !== '1px' ) {
  $('.grid-container')[0].style.gridAutoRows = '1px';
 }
 
 $('.grid-item > *').forEach(el => {
  const height = Math.floor(el.getBoundingClientRect().height);
  // only trigger DOM repaint when necessary
  if ( el.parentElement.style.gridRowEnd !== `span ${height}` ) {
   el.parentElement.style.gridRowEnd = `span ${height}`;
  }
 });
}

Promise.all($('img').map(img => { 
 return new Promise(resolve => {
  img.onload = () => {
   resolve();
  }
  img.onerror = () => {
   resolve();
  }
 });
})).then(() => {
 const emit = new Event('images');
 window.dispatchEvent(emit);
});

window.addEventListener('images', function(e) {
 console.log('onImagesLoaded');
 sizeItems();
});

window.addEventListener('load', function(e) {
 console.log('onLoad');
 sizeItems();
});

window.addEventListener('resize', function(e) {
 console.log('onResize');
 sizeItems();
});

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
}
body {
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

.grid-container {
  background: gold;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(calc(100%/3), 1fr));
  grid-gap: 0; /* can't use grid gap! */
  /* grid-auto-rows: auto; */
  grid-auto-flow: dense;
  /* if you don't want a gap on the outside of the grid when working with padding */
  /* margin: -4px; */
}
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  .grid-container {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(50%, 1fr));
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
  .grid-container {
    display: block;
  }
}

.grid-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.3em;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: hsl(0,0%,14%);
}

.grid-gap {
  /* if you need a grid-gap, apply padding to a wrapper element INSIDE the grid-item */
  /* padding: 4px; */
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
}

.grid-item a,
.grid-item img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
}

.grid-item figcaption {
  background: lightcoral;
  color: white;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-style: italic;
  padding: 4px 0;
  text-align: center;
}

<div class="grid-container">
 <div class="grid-item">
  <div class="grid-gap">
   <figure>
    <a href="https://via.placeholder.com/397x625">
     <img src="https://via.placeholder.com/397x625/255a60/FFFFFF" />
    </a>
    <figcaption>This is a caption!</figcaption>
   </figure>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div class="grid-item">
  <div class="grid-gap">
   <a href="https://via.placeholder.com/678x765">
    <img src="https://via.placeholder.com/678x765/4496a1/FFFFFF" />
   </a>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div class="grid-item">
  <div class="grid-gap">
   <a href="https://via.placeholder.com/567x987">
    <img src="https://via.placeholder.com/567x987/eaf8ab/FFFFFF" />
   </a>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div class="grid-item">
  <div class="grid-gap">
   <a href="https://via.placeholder.com/968x956">
    <img src="https://via.placeholder.com/968x956/ccd47e/FFFFFF" />
   </a> 
  </div>
 </div>
 <div class="grid-item">
  <div class="grid-gap">
   <a href="https://via.placeholder.com/987x687">
    <img src="https://via.placeholder.com/987x687/255a60/FFFFFF" />
   </a>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div class="grid-item">
  <div class="grid-gap">
   <a href="https://via.placeholder.com/620x345">
    <img src="https://via.placeholder.com/620x345/255a60/FFFFFF" />
   </a>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div class="grid-item">
  <div class="grid-gap">
   <a href="https://via.placeholder.com/543x789">
    <img src="https://via.placeholder.com/543x789/4496a1/FFFFFF" />
   </a>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div class="grid-item">
  <div class="grid-gap">
   <a href="https://via.placeholder.com/376x274">
    <img src="https://via.placeholder.com/376x274/eaf8ab/FFFFFF" />
   </a>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div class="grid-item">
  <div class="grid-gap">
   <a href="https://via.placeholder.com/468x623">
    <img src="https://via.placeholder.com/468x623/9fb828/FFFFFF" />
   </a> 
  </div>
 </div>
</div>

如何实现连续且没有间隙的响应式砌体式布局？

How to acheive a responsive masonry-like layout which is continuous and results in no gaps?

css

flexbox

responsive-design

css-grid