如何使用 Base 和 Derived objects default-initialize std::vector<Base>?

How to default-initialize std::vector<Base> with Base and Derived objects?

考虑以下因素:

#include <vector>

class Base 
{
public:
    Base() : x(0) {}
    int x;
};

class Derived : public Base 
{
public:
    Derived(double z0) : Base(), z(z0) {}
    double z;
};

class Foo 
{
public:
    // How to specify a default value for parameter vec0,
    // consisting of two Base objects?
    Foo(std::vector<Base> vec0 = ? ? ? ) : vec(vec0) {}
    std::vector<Base> vec;
};

class Bar 
{
public:
    // foo1.vec needs to be initialized with two Base objects.
    // foo2.vec needs to be initialized with two Derived objects.
    Bar() : foo1(? ? ? ), foo2(? ? ? ) {}
    Foo foo1;
    Foo foo2;
};

int main() 
{
    Bar bar;
    // Code here will want to use Base class pointers to access the elements
    // in bar.foo1.vec and bar.foo2.vec.
}
  1. 如何在Foo构造函数中指定一个默认参数?

  2. Bar构造函数initializer list中,如何指定Base的向量 objects 代表 foo1Derived objects 代表 foo2?

  3. 如何给这个问题起标题以便其他需要解决这个问题的人可以找到它?

How to specify a default parameter in the Foo constructor?

只需使用初始化列表语法,或者显式声明包含元素:

class Foo {
public:
    Foo(std::vector<Base> vec0 = {Base(), Base()}) : vec(vec0) {}
    std::vector<Base> vec;
};

或使用另一个初始化列表隐式声明:

class Foo {
public:
    Foo(std::vector<Base> vec0 = {{}, {}}) : vec(vec0) {}
    std::vector<Base> vec;
};

但是如果您打算创建大小为 2 的默认列表,我认为这样做更好:

class Foo {
public:
    Foo() : vec(2) {}
    std::vector<Base> vec;
};

In the Bar constructor initializer list, how to specify a vector of Base objects for foo1, and a vector of Derived objects for foo2?

你不能这样做。您需要使用模板或指针向量。

模板示例:

template<class V>
class Foo {
public:
    Foo(std::vector<V> vec0 = {{}, {}}) : vec(vec0) {}
    std::vector<V> vec;
};

class Bar {
public:
    // No need to explicitly initialize foo1
    Bar() : foo2({{1.},{2.}}) {}
    Foo<Base> foo1;
    Foo<Derived> foo2;
};

的回答很好地解释了如何使用初始化列表完成初始化。我想关注解决方案,其中 Foo 有一个指向 Base 向量指针。使用 std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Base>>,您可以重写 @sklott 的解决方案,如下所示:

#include <memory>   // std::shared_ptr
#include <utility>  //  std::move

class Foo 
{
public:
    Foo(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Base>> vec0 = { 
              { std::make_shared<Base>(), std::make_shared<Base>() } 
           }
        )
        : vec{ std::move(vec0) } 
    {}
    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Base>> vec;
};

class Bar 
{
public:
    Bar() 
        : foo1{}  // calls Foo's default cont'r: initialized with two Base objects.
        , foo2{   // initialized with two Derived objects.
            { std::make_shared<Derived>(1.0), std::make_shared<Derived>(1.0) } 
          }
    {}
    Foo foo1;
    Foo foo2;
};

如果我们不为 Base class 提供 virtual 析构函数,上面的代码将具有 an undefied behaviour .因此,要使其完整解决:

class Base 
{
public:
    Base() : x(0) {}
    int x;
    virtual ~Base() = default;   // don't forget to provide a virtual destructor
};