单例和接口实现

Singleton and Interface implementation

我有一个带有纯虚方法的接口 class Interface

class Interface
{
public:
    virtual void DoSomething() = 0;
}

另外,还有一个classImplementation实现了接口

class Implementation : public Interface
{
    void DoSomething();
}

在我的程序中,我需要有一个 Implementation/Interface 对的单例(单个实例)。程序中有很多对Implementation/Interfaceclasses,但是很少Implementationclasses一对Interfaceclass.

问题:

  1. 每当我需要使用 class 时,我应该从程序的其余部分调用 InterfaceImplementation class 吗? 我究竟应该怎么做?

     //Interface needs to know about Implementation
     Interface * module = Interface::Instance();
    
     //No enforcement of Interface
     Implementation * module = Implementation::Instance();
    
     //A programmer needs to remember Implementation and Interface names
     Interface * module = Implementation::Instance();
    
     //May be there is some better way
    
  2. 方法Instance()应该是什么样的?

"1) Should I invoke Interface or Implementation class from the rest of my program whenever I need to use the class? How exactly should I do so?"

使用接口,这样可以减少 Implementation::Instance() 调用造成的代码混乱:

 Interface& module = Implementation::Instance();
       // ^ 

注意引用、赋值和复制将不起作用。

"2) How should the method Instance() look like?"

普遍的共识是使用Scott Meyer's approach:

 Implementation& Instance() {
     static Implementation theInstance;
     return theInstance;
 }

更好的选择是根本不使用单例,而是让您的代码准备好专门在 Interface 上运行:

 class Interface {
      // ...
 };

 class Impl : public Interface {
      // ...
 };

 class Client {
     Interface& if_;
 public:
     Client(Interface& if__) : if_(if__) {}
      // ...
 }

 int main() {
     Impl impl;
     Client client(impl);
 };