使用简单的 python 脚本从经纬度坐标获取高程

Question

我有一个 python 脚本，我从这个 question 中获得了该脚本，该脚本将从 USGS 高程点查询服务中提取。但是，它一直超时，并在看似随机的时间后和我的查询完成之前将我踢出局。我需要另一种方法来在给定经纬度坐标的情况下提取高程数据。

这是我当前的查询：

# ========= pull elev from usgs server ======

# USGS POINT QUERY SERVICE ==================

url = r'https://nationalmap.gov/epqs/pqs.php?'
# ===========================================

# coordinates with known elevation 
lat = [48.633, 48.733, 45.1947, 45.1962]
lon = [-93.9667, -94.6167, -93.3257, -93.2755]

# create df
df = pd.DataFrame({
    'lat': lat,
    'lon': lon
})

def elevation_function(df, lat_column, long_column):
    elevations = []
    counter = 0
    start = time.time()
    for lat, lon in zip(df[lat_column], df[long_column]):

        # define rest query params
        params = {
            'output': 'json',
            'x': lon,
            'y': lat,
            'units': 'Meters'
        }

        # format query string and return query value
        result = requests.get((url + urllib.parse.urlencode(params)))
        elevations.append(result.json()['USGS_Elevation_Point_Query_Service']['Elevation_Query']['Elevation'])
        counter += 1
        print('Proportion of job complete: {}'.format(round(counter/df.shape[0],3)))
        end = time.time()
        print(str(round(end - start)) + " seconds into job\n")
    df['elev'] = elevations
    return elevations

start = time.time()
count = 0
for i in range(100):
    count += 1
    elevations = elevation_function(df, lat_column='lat', long_column='lon')
end = time.time()

print(str(round(end - start)))

Answer 1

简化功能并添加错误处理：

elevation_function 需要编写才能与 pandas.DataFrame.apply 一起使用
- 使用apply，配合axis=1，自动遍历每一行坐标

新功能：

make_remote_request会不断的发出请求，直到得到response.
更改异常以适应服务器返回的异常（例如except (OSError, urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError) as error）
可选地，import time 并在异常中的 continue 之前添加 time.sleep(5)，以便与远程服务器配合使用。

def make_remote_request(url: str, params: dict) -> json:
    """
    Makes the remote request
    Continues making attempts until it succeeds
    """

    count = 1
    while True:
        try:
            response = requests.get((url + urllib.parse.urlencode(params)))
        except (OSError, urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError) as error:
            print('\n')
            print('*' * 20, 'Error Occured', '*' * 20)
            print(f'Number of tries: {count}')
            print(f'URL: {url}')
            print(error)
            print('\n')
            count += 1
            continue
        break

    return response


def eleveation_function(x):
    url = 'https://nationalmap.gov/epqs/pqs.php?'
    params = {'x': x[1],
              'y': x[0],
              'units': 'Meters',
              'output': 'json'}
    result = make_remote_request(url, params)
    return result.json()['USGS_Elevation_Point_Query_Service']['Elevation_Query']['Elevation']

实现函数

import requests
import urllib
import urllib3
import pandas as pd

# coordinates with known elevation 
lat = [48.633, 48.733, 45.1947, 45.1962]
lon = [-93.9667, -94.6167, -93.3257, -93.2755]

# create df
df = pd.DataFrame({'lat': lat, 'lon': lon})

     lat      lon
 48.6330 -93.9667
 48.7330 -94.6167
 45.1947 -93.3257
 45.1962 -93.2755

# apply the function
df['elevations'] = df.apply(eleveation_function, axis=1)

     lat      lon  elevations
 48.6330 -93.9667      341.14
 48.7330 -94.6167      328.80
 45.1947 -93.3257      262.68
 45.1962 -93.2755      272.64

Answer 2

也可以通过以下方式传入参数：

PARAMS = {'x':x[1], 'y':x[0], 'units':'Feet', 'output':'json'} 
r = requests.get(url = URL, params = PARAMS)

使用简单的 python 脚本从经纬度坐标获取高程

Obtain elevation from latitude longitude coordinates with a simple python script

python

gis

pandas

简化功能并添加错误处理：

新功能：

实现函数