Python Turtle 中的箭头命令

Question

我一直在尝试使用 canvas 功能将 turtle 放入 tkinter。我希望能够制作一个 turtle etcher sketcher 东西，这样我就可以用箭头键控制 turtle。我似乎无法让它工作，也不理解它吐出的错误：

NameError: name 'Screen' is not defined

这是我的代码：

import tkinter as tk
import turtle

window = tk.Tk()
window.geometry("750x500")
window.resizable(0,0)

app = tk.Canvas(master = window,
                width = 500,
                height = 500,
                bg = "white")
app.pack()
Screen()
turtle = turtle.RawTurtle(app)
turtle = turtle.Screen()

def k1():
    move.forward(1)

def k2():
    move.left(1)

def k3():
    move.right(1)

def k4():
    move.back(1)

turtle.onkey(k1, "Up")
turtle.onkey(k2, "Left")
turtle.onkey(k3, "Right")
turtle.onkey(k4, "Down")

turtle.listen()
window.mainloop()

Answer 1

你必须使用

turtle.Screen()

而不是

Screen()

但我发现代码存在其他问题。我会使用 tkinter 方法 bind() 在按下键时执行功能。

import tkinter as tk
import turtle

# --- functions ---

def k1(event):
    t.forward(1)

def k2(event):
    t.left(1)

def k3(event):
    t.right(1)

def k4(event):
    t.back(1)

# --- main ---

window = tk.Tk()

window.geometry("750x500")
window.resizable(False, False)

canvas = tk.Canvas(master=window, width=500, height=500, bg="white")
canvas.pack()

t = turtle.RawTurtle(canvas)

window.bind("<Up>", k1)
window.bind("<Left>", k2)
window.bind("<Right>", k3)
window.bind("<Down>", k4)

window.mainloop()

Answer 2

正如您使用 RawTurtle 而不是 Turtle 一样，当您在 tkinter window 中使用 turtle embedded 时，您需要使用TurtleScreen而不是Screen，如果你想要它提供的方法：

import tkinter as tk
from turtle import TurtleScreen, RawTurtle

window = tk.Tk()
window.geometry("750x500")
window.resizable(0, 0)

canvas = tk.Canvas(master=window, width=500, height=500)
canvas.pack()

screen = TurtleScreen(canvas)
turtle = RawTurtle(screen)

def k1():
    turtle.forward(1)

def k2():
    turtle.left(1)

def k3():
    turtle.right(1)

def k4():
    turtle.back(1)

screen.onkey(k1, "Up")
screen.onkey(k2, "Left")
screen.onkey(k3, "Right")
screen.onkey(k4, "Down")

screen.listen()
screen.mainloop()

在这种情况下不要使用 standalone turtle 的 Screen，因为它可能会创建第二个 tkinter root window，导致稍后出现细微错误（比如图片未加载。）

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