"Could not deduce template argument" 指定模板参数时

Question

我正在尝试用 C++ 编写我自己的简单反射系统。我有以下测试代码：

#include <cstdio>
#include <xtr1common>

// common base class
struct TypeDescriptor { };

// specialization for primitive types
template<class T>
struct Primitive : public TypeDescriptor
{
    static Primitive<T> Instance;
};
Primitive<int> Primitive<int>::Instance;

struct ReflectedType
{
    static TypeDescriptor Reflection;
};

// gets an appropriate TypeDescriptor for a type based on whether it has a Reflection member or not.
// if not, then it expects a Primitive<T> specialization
struct DefaultResolver
{
    // used to calculate IsReflected meta-function
    template<class T> static char func(decltype(&T::Reflection));
    template<class T> static int func(...);
    template<class T>
    struct IsReflected
    {
        enum
        {
            value = (sizeof(func<T>(nullptr)) == sizeof(char))
        };
    };

    // get the TypeDescriptor for a reflected class
    template<class T, typename std::enable_if<IsReflected<T>::value, int>::value = 0>
    static TypeDescriptor* get()
    {
        return &T::Reflection;
    }

    // get the TypeDescriptor for a Primitive<T> if it is not reflected
    template<class T, typename std::enable_if<!IsReflected<T>::value, int>::value = 0>
    static TypeDescriptor* get()
    {
        return &Primitive<T>::Instance;
    }
};

// helper class that provides type-safe access to a type's TypeDescriptor
template<class T>
struct TypeResolver
{
    static TypeDescriptor* get()
    {
        return DefaultResolver::get<T>();
    }
};

int main()
{
    // no problems here, obviously
    TypeDescriptor* desc = &Primitive<int>::Instance;

    // resolves to false, as expected
    constexpr bool isIntReflected = DefaultResolver::IsReflected<int>::value;

    // resolves to true, as expected
    constexpr bool isClassReflected = DefaultResolver::IsReflected<ReflectedType>::value;

    // this does not compile
    desc = TypeResolver<int>::get();

    getchar();
    return 0;
}

我运行在 TypeResolver<int>::get() 遇到问题，出现以下错误：

error C2672: 'DefaultResolver::get': no matching overloaded function found
note: while compiling class template member function 'TypeDescriptor *TypeResolver::get(void)'
note: see reference to function template instantiation 'TypeDescriptor *TypeResolver::get(void)' being compiled
note: see reference to class template instantiation 'TypeResolver' being compiled
error C2783: 'TypeDescriptor *DefaultResolver::get(void)': could not deduce template argument for '__formal'
note: see declaration of 'DefaultResolver::get'

第二个错误让我特别困惑。我正在指定模板参数，所以我缺少什么？

Answer 1

两个问题：

std::enable_if 没有 ::value 成员类型，只有条件为真时出现的 ::type 成员类型。
在 return DefaultResolver::get<T>() 中，提供显式模板参数会禁用这些参数的模板参数推导，这正是 std::enable_if is depending on 工作的目的。

所以首先将 std::enable_if 声明中的 ::value 更改为 ::type。下一个问题是在提供模板类型时允许模板参数推导工作。您可以通过将辅助模板作为函数参数传递来执行此操作，并在 DefaultResolver::get() 的声明中更改您的参数以接受该 class 类型的对象：

template <class T>
struct type_t { };
// ...
template <class T,
          typename std::enable_if<IsReflected<T>::value, int>::type = 0>
static TypeDescriptor* get(type_t<T>);

template <class T,
          typename std::enable_if<!IsReflected<T>::value, int>::type = 0>
static TypeDescriptor* get(type_t<T>);
// ...
template <class T>
struct TypeResolver
{
  static TypeDescriptor* get()
  {
    return DefaultResolver::get(type_t<T>{});
  }
};

希望这对您有所帮助。

"Could not deduce template argument" 指定模板参数时

"Could not deduce template argument" when template argument is specified

c++

reflection

templates

metaprogramming

template-meta-programming