如何在python中评论xml的整个块和单个标签？

Question

如何在python中评论xml的整个特定块和特定标签？下面xml，有很多<list>个标签。 1) 必须注释整个块 <list> {some_data}</list>，其中 <list name="list_name1"> 2) 如果观察 <list name="list_name3"> ，在 <item> 中有 2 个  tags。

<p name="address1">some/address-3</p><p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>

在这里，必须要评论第二个 tag，即some/address-1_1，所有这样的例子。

How can we achieve this in python ?
Which is best xml module in python ?

sample_file.xml

    <raml xmlns="abcd.xsd" version="0.1">
    <newData type="hw">
        <header>
          <log action="create" dateTime="2020-01-15T16:45:12.001Z" />
        </header>
        <sampleObject class="com.abcd.efgh:VASDF" distName="some_unique_name" operation="update" version="HDGEKB_8363_845"> 
            <p name="p_name1">true</p>
            <list name="list_name1">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-6</p>
                </item>
            </list>
            <list name="list_name2">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="value">1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="value">3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">6</p>
                </item>
            </list>
            <list name="list_name3">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">1_1</p>
                <item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">3_3</p>
                <item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">6</p>
                </item>
             </list>                                                                
        </sampleObject> 
    </newData>

</raml>

output_file.xml ，应该如下所示

<raml xmlns="abcd.xsd" version="0.1">
    <newData type="hw">
        <header>
          <log action="create" dateTime="2020-01-15T16:45:12.001Z" />
        </header>
        <sampleObject class="com.abcd.efgh:VASDF" distName="some_unique_name" operation="update" version="HDGEKB_8363_845"> 
            <p name="p_name1">true</p>
            <!--<list name="list_name1">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-6</p>
                </item>
            </list> -->
            <list name="list_name2">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="value">1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="value">3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">6</p>
                </item>
            </list>
            <list name="list_name3">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <!--<p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>-->
                    <p name="value">1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">1_1</p>
                <item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <!--<p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>-->
                    <p name="value">3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">3_3</p>
                <item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">6</p>
                </item>
             </list>                                                                
        </sampleObject> 
    </newData>

</raml>

Answer 1

lxml 可以用另一个元素替换任何元素，包括注释，但不幸的是，如果您从现有元素创建此评论的文本， lxml 将默认命名空间再次复制到注释文本中。

所以我决定使用 BeautifulSoup 而不是 lxml，它处理命名空间更多 "leniently".

试试下面的代码：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Comment

soup = BeautifulSoup(open('Input.xml'), 'xml')
for elem in soup.findAll('list'):
    elem.replace_with(Comment(str(elem)))
print(soup.prettify())

根据您的输入 XML，缩短了一点，我得到：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<raml version="0.1" xmlns="abcd.xsd">
  <newData type="hw">
    <header>
      <log action="create" dateTime="2020-01-15T16:45:12.001Z"/>
    </header>
    <sampleObject class="com.abcd.efgh:VASDF" distName="some_unique_name" operation="update" version="HDGEKB_8363_845">
      <p name="p_name1">true</p>
<!--<list name="list_name1">
<item>
<p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
<p name="value">1</p>
</item>
<item>
<p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
<p name="value">2</p>
</item>
</list>-->
<!--<list name="list_name2">
<item>
<p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
<p name="value">3</p>
</item>
<item>
<p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
<p name="value">4</p>
</item>
</list>-->
    </sampleObject>
  </newData>
</raml>

编辑

如果您只想注释掉一个 list 元素（例如 name 属性设置为'list_name1')，修正很简单：

findAll还有一个参数，即attrs（字典），您可以在其中传递任何属性名称/值以缩小选择范围。

在这种情况下，将循环更改为：

for elem in soup.findAll('list', attrs={'name': 'list_name1'}):
    elem.replace_with(Comment(str(elem)))

只删除选定的元素，方法的名称是不太直观，即 decompose.

做到这一点，运行:

for elem in soup.findAll('list', attrs={'name': 'list_name1'}):
    elem.decompose()

根据有关 XML 前缀的评论进行编辑

删除 XML 前缀的一个方法是调用 BeautifulSoup 没有第二个 xml 参数。

但是输出中的根元素是html，里面包含body 元素和 raml 元素在其中。

因此要删除这 2 个 "outer" 元素，请将代码更改为：

soup = BeautifulSoup(open('Input.xml'))
for elem in soup.findAll('list'):
    elem.replace_with(Comment(str(elem)))
print(soup.html.body.raml.prettify())

也例如 元素保留在单行行中。

有点"dirty"解决方案，但希望能达到预期的结果。

如何在python中评论xml的整个块和单个标签？

How to comment entire block and single tag of xml in python?

elementtree

xml-namespaces

xml-parsing

python-3.x

编辑

根据有关 XML 前缀的评论进行编辑