'pod init' returns: 不允许操作 - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)
'pod init' returns: Operation not permitted - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)
当我尝试在我的 Xcode 项目目录中执行 pod init 时，它 returns 以下内容：
Traceback (most recent call last):
35: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `<main>'
34: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `load'
33: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.9.2/bin/pod:36:in `<top (required)>'
32: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
31: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
30: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.9.2/lib/cocoapods.rb:8:in `<top (required)>'
29: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
28: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
27: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
26: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
25: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
24: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
23: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
22: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
21: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflections.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
20: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
19: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
18: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflector/inflections.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
17: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
16: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
15: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/i18n.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
14: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
13: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
12: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/i18n-0.9.5/lib/i18n.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
11: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
10: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
9: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/map.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
8: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
7: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
6: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/synchronization.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
5: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `load_native_extensions'
4: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `each'
3: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `block in load_native_extensions'
2: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:62:in `try_load_c_extension'
1: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': cannot load such file -- concurrent/concurrent_ruby_ext (LoadError)
46: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `<main>'
45: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `load'
44: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.9.2/bin/pod:36:in `<top (required)>'
43: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
42: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
41: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.9.2/lib/cocoapods.rb:8:in `<top (required)>'
40: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
39: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
38: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
37: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
36: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
35: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
34: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
33: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
32: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflections.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
31: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
30: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
29: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflector/inflections.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
28: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
27: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
26: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/i18n.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
25: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
24: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
23: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/i18n-0.9.5/lib/i18n.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
22: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
21: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
20: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/map.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
19: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
18: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
17: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/synchronization.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
16: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `load_native_extensions'
15: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `each'
14: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `block in load_native_extensions'
13: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:62:in `try_load_c_extension'
12: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:34:in `require'
11: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:123:in `rescue in require'
10: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems.rb:212:in `try_activate'
9: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1041:in `find_by_path'
8: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1041:in `find'
7: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1041:in `each'
6: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1042:in `block in find_by_path'
5: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:39:in `compatible?'
4: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:7:in `bundler_version'
3: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:22:in `bundler_version_with_reason'
2: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:68:in `lockfile_version'
1: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:80:in `lockfile_contents'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:80:in `pwd': Operation not permitted - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)
我已经安装了 Homebrew、Ruby 和 Cocoapods。我是 运行 macOS Catalina 10.15.4 和 Xcode 11.3.1.
我尝试按照 this advice 并通过以下命令在 /usr/local/bin 中安装 cocoapods：sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
但是我在安装时遇到了同样的错误：Operation not permitted - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)
知道问题出在哪里吗？
编辑
重新安装 Ruby 管理器以安装 Ruby 后，我收到一个新错误：
2: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:9:in `<main>'
1: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': cannot load such file -- executable-hooks/hooks (LoadError)
13: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:9:in `<main>'
12: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:34:in `require'
11: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:123:in `rescue in require'
10: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems.rb:213:in `try_activate'
9: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1036:in `find_by_path'
8: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1036:in `find'
7: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1036:in `each'
6: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1037:in `block in find_by_path'
5: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:39:in `compatible?'
4: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:7:in `bundler_version'
3: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:22:in `bundler_version_with_reason'
2: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:68:in `lockfile_version'
1: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:80:in `lockfile_contents'
/Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:80:in `pwd': Operation not permitted - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)
如以下评论所述，已通过将项目移出 ~/Library 解决此问题，因为这是 macOS 上的特殊系统目录，可能会触发上述错误。即便如此，使用 Ruby 经理的建议仍然是最佳实践：
您遇到了 macOS 沙盒权限问题。最简单的解决方法是不使用 macOS 附带的 Ruby 内置版本，而是使用 Ruby 管理器来安装 Ruby:
- 安装 RVM：
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
- 重启你的shell
- 安装 Ruby 使用：
rvm install 2.6
- 使用此命令安装 cocoapods（并且不使用
sudo）：
gem install cocoapods
- 确认
which pod 的输出类似于：
/Users/foo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/bin/pod
然后重试您的 pod init 命令。
这里有一个资源解释了为什么不使用系统的默认版本 Ruby：
如果您愿意，可以安装和使用其他管理器：
每个都有其优点和缺点，但经过 7 年的专业 Ruby 开发，RVM 从未让我犯错，所以我推荐它。
对我来说，这是选择要使用的默认值 ruby 的问题。我有默认的 ruby 与 Mac 一起提供，并使用名为 rvm 的 Ruby 管理器安装了另一个。所以我让我的 rvm 设置默认 ruby 作为它安装的那个。
这将列出安装了 ruby 的所有路径
which -a ruby
这将列出 ruby 安装的所有版本
rvm list
您应该将要使用的正确设置设为默认值
rvm use 3.0.2 --default
附带说明一下，您应该位于 shell 中有效的路径，否则您会遇到同样的错误。我在桌面文件夹中的项目位置尝试 pod 命令，但失败了。我必须将 shell 中的目录更改为桌面以设置默认值。
对我来说，我在项目根目录的子目录中（该目录恰好与我的项目根目录同名，因此我没有注意到）。
因此请确保您位于使用 cocoapods 的项目的正确目录中。
当我尝试在我的 Xcode 项目目录中执行 pod init 时，它 returns 以下内容：
Traceback (most recent call last):
35: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `<main>'
34: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `load'
33: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.9.2/bin/pod:36:in `<top (required)>'
32: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
31: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
30: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.9.2/lib/cocoapods.rb:8:in `<top (required)>'
29: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
28: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
27: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
26: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
25: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
24: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
23: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
22: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
21: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflections.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
20: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
19: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
18: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflector/inflections.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
17: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
16: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
15: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/i18n.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
14: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
13: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
12: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/i18n-0.9.5/lib/i18n.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
11: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
10: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
9: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/map.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
8: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
7: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
6: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/synchronization.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
5: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `load_native_extensions'
4: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `each'
3: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `block in load_native_extensions'
2: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:62:in `try_load_c_extension'
1: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': cannot load such file -- concurrent/concurrent_ruby_ext (LoadError)
46: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `<main>'
45: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `load'
44: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.9.2/bin/pod:36:in `<top (required)>'
43: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
42: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
41: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/cocoapods-1.9.2/lib/cocoapods.rb:8:in `<top (required)>'
40: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
39: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
38: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
37: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
36: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
35: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
34: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
33: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
32: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflections.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
31: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
30: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
29: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/inflector/inflections.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
28: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
27: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
26: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.11.3/lib/active_support/i18n.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
25: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
24: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
23: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/i18n-0.9.5/lib/i18n.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
22: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
21: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
20: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/map.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
19: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
18: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
17: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/synchronization.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
16: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `load_native_extensions'
15: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `each'
14: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:30:in `block in load_native_extensions'
13: from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/concurrent-ruby-1.1.6/lib/concurrent-ruby/concurrent/utility/native_extension_loader.rb:62:in `try_load_c_extension'
12: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:34:in `require'
11: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:123:in `rescue in require'
10: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems.rb:212:in `try_activate'
9: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1041:in `find_by_path'
8: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1041:in `find'
7: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1041:in `each'
6: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1042:in `block in find_by_path'
5: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:39:in `compatible?'
4: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:7:in `bundler_version'
3: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:22:in `bundler_version_with_reason'
2: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:68:in `lockfile_version'
1: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:80:in `lockfile_contents'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:80:in `pwd': Operation not permitted - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)
我已经安装了 Homebrew、Ruby 和 Cocoapods。我是 运行 macOS Catalina 10.15.4 和 Xcode 11.3.1.
我尝试按照 this advice 并通过以下命令在 /usr/local/bin 中安装 cocoapods：sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
但是我在安装时遇到了同样的错误：Operation not permitted - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)
知道问题出在哪里吗？
编辑
重新安装 Ruby 管理器以安装 Ruby 后，我收到一个新错误：
2: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:9:in `<main>'
1: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': cannot load such file -- executable-hooks/hooks (LoadError)
13: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:9:in `<main>'
12: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:34:in `require'
11: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:123:in `rescue in require'
10: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems.rb:213:in `try_activate'
9: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1036:in `find_by_path'
8: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1036:in `find'
7: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1036:in `each'
6: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1037:in `block in find_by_path'
5: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:39:in `compatible?'
4: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:7:in `bundler_version'
3: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:22:in `bundler_version_with_reason'
2: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:68:in `lockfile_version'
1: from /Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:80:in `lockfile_contents'
/Users/zorgan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/bundler_version_finder.rb:80:in `pwd': Operation not permitted - getcwd (Errno::EPERM)
如以下评论所述，已通过将项目移出 ~/Library 解决此问题，因为这是 macOS 上的特殊系统目录，可能会触发上述错误。即便如此，使用 Ruby 经理的建议仍然是最佳实践：
您遇到了 macOS 沙盒权限问题。最简单的解决方法是不使用 macOS 附带的 Ruby 内置版本，而是使用 Ruby 管理器来安装 Ruby:
- 安装 RVM：
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
- 重启你的shell
- 安装 Ruby 使用：
rvm install 2.6
- 使用此命令安装 cocoapods（并且不使用
sudo）：
gem install cocoapods
- 确认
which pod的输出类似于：
/Users/foo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/bin/pod
然后重试您的 pod init 命令。
这里有一个资源解释了为什么不使用系统的默认版本 Ruby：
如果您愿意，可以安装和使用其他管理器：
每个都有其优点和缺点，但经过 7 年的专业 Ruby 开发，RVM 从未让我犯错，所以我推荐它。
对我来说，这是选择要使用的默认值 ruby 的问题。我有默认的 ruby 与 Mac 一起提供，并使用名为 rvm 的 Ruby 管理器安装了另一个。所以我让我的 rvm 设置默认 ruby 作为它安装的那个。
这将列出安装了 ruby 的所有路径
which -a ruby
这将列出 ruby 安装的所有版本
rvm list
您应该将要使用的正确设置设为默认值
rvm use 3.0.2 --default
附带说明一下，您应该位于 shell 中有效的路径，否则您会遇到同样的错误。我在桌面文件夹中的项目位置尝试 pod 命令，但失败了。我必须将 shell 中的目录更改为桌面以设置默认值。
对我来说，我在项目根目录的子目录中（该目录恰好与我的项目根目录同名，因此我没有注意到）。
因此请确保您位于使用 cocoapods 的项目的正确目录中。