如何使用 Selenium Webdriver 和 Java 在框架内的 iframe 内单击 link

Question

我一直在尝试使用 cucumber 和 selenium 自动执行一些手动检查，并尝试在菜单项上创建点击事件在 iframe 内。以下是来源的框架。

<html>
<head>...</head>
<frameset rows="100%,*" border="0">
    <frame src="/XXXX/index.dsp" cd_frame_id_="03af6e390xxxxxxxxx0b209e24f67b9fab">
        <html>
            <body>  
                <iframe class="menuframe" name="menu" src="menu.dsp" scrolling="yes" seamless="seamless">
                    <html>
                    <head>..</head>
                    <body class="menu"...........>
                        <table class="menuTable".............>
                            <tbody>                                         
                                <tr>......</tr>
                                <tr>......</tr>
                                <tr>......</tr>

                                <tr manualhide="true" onclick="toggle(this, 'XXX_subMenu', 'XXXX_twistie');" onmouseover="this.className='cursor';" class="cursor">
                                    <td class="menusection menusection-collapsed" id="elmt_XXXX_subMenu">
                                        <img id="XXXX_twistie" src="/XXXX/images/collapsed_blue.png">
                                          &nbsp;XXXX  
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>......</tr>
                                <tr>......</tr>
                            </tbody>
                    </body>
                </iframe>

                <iframe class="contentframe" name="body" id="body" src="stats-general.dsp">
                .............
                </iframe>

            </body>
        </html>
    </frame>
</frameset>

我正在尝试点击上面的 ID elmt_XXXX_subMenu。

正如我在一些博客中所读到的，需要切换到框架。我尝试了以下方法。

driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
// switch to frame
driver.switchTo().frame(0); 

// switch to menu iframe, It throws an exception
driver.switchTo().frame("menu"); 

// When replaced by following line also it throws same exception
// driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.name("menu")));

下面是堆栈跟踪。

 org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptException: javascript error: Failed to execute 'getComputedStyle' on 'Window': parameter 1 is not of type 'Element'.
  (Session info: chrome=83.0.4103.97)
Build info: version: '3.141.59', revision: 'e82be7d358', time: '2018-11-14T08:17:03'
System info: host: 'XXXX', ip: 'XX.XX.XXX.XXX', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '1.8.0_221'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, browserName: chrome, browserVersion: 83.0.4103.97, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 83.0.4103.39 (ccbf011cb2d2b..., userDataDir: C:\Users\XXXXXX~1\AppData\L...}, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:58320}, javascriptEnabled: true, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platform: WINDOWS, platformName: WINDOWS, proxy: Proxy(), setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unhandledPromptBehavior: dismiss and notify, webauthn:virtualAuthenticators: true}
Session ID: f2e850e3e43d7782902297879bc70bc4
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.createException(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:187)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:122)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:49)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:158)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:552)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver$RemoteTargetLocator.frame(RemoteWebDriver.java:892)
    at XXX.XXXX.XXXX.pages.TestPage.test(TestPage.java:40)
    at XXX.XXXX.XXXX.stepdefinitions.TestSteps.test_method(TestSteps.java:137)
    at ?.Then Check menu(basicChecks.feature:12)

如果这样做不正确，请提出建议？非常感谢。

更新： 根据@DebanjanB 的回答，尝试使用建议的代码段（css 选择器和 xpath），

new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(By.cssSelector("frame[src*='index']")));
new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(By.cssSelector("iframe.menuframe[name='menu']")));
new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.cssSelector("td.menusection.menusection-collapsed#elmt_XXXX_subMenu"))).click();

在第 2 行抛出相同的异常

org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptException: javascript error: Failed to execute 'getComputedStyle' on 'Window': parameter 1 is not of type 'Element'.
  (Session info: chrome=83.0.4103.97)
Build info: version: '3.141.59', revision: 'e82be7d358', time: '2018-11-14T08:17:03'
System info: host: 'XXXX', ip: 'XX.XX.XXX.XXX', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '1.8.0_221'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, browserName: chrome, browserVersion: 83.0.4103.97, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 83.0.4103.39 (ccbf011cb2d2b..., userDataDir: C:\Users\XXXXXX~1\AppData\L...}, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:58320}, javascriptEnabled: true, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platform: WINDOWS, platformName: WINDOWS, proxy: Proxy(), setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unhandledPromptBehavior: dismiss and notify, webauthn:virtualAuthenticators: true}
Session ID: 79f14698ee49ff2f4308b7f7930ee8b1
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.createException(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:187)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:122)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:49)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:158)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:552)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver$RemoteTargetLocator.frame(RemoteWebDriver.java:892)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.apply(ExpectedConditions.java:501)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.apply(ExpectedConditions.java:497)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.FluentWait.until(FluentWait.java:249)
    at XXX.XXXX.XXXX.pages.TestPage.test(TestPage.java:26)
    at XXX.XXXX.XXXX.stepdefinitions.TestSteps.test_method(TestSteps.java:137)
    at ?.Then Check menu(basicChecks.feature:12)

Answer 1

.frame() 用于将元素切换为 iframe 并且它以一个元素作为其参数，因此您需要将元素传递到那里。此外，带有“0”的元素不是一种 iframe，因此您不需要 driver.switchTo().frame(0) 行代码。

您只需将驱动程序切换到 menu iframe，然后单击该元素。

要切换到 menu iframe，您需要使用：

driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.name("menu")));

Answer 2

到 click() 在 <iframe> 内的元素上 <frame> 所以你必须：

为第一个 frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt.

WebDriverWait

第二个 WebDriverWait frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt.
为所需的 elementToBeClickable.

WebDriverWait

您可以使用以下任一项:

使用 cssSelector:

new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(By.cssSelector("frame[src*='index']")));
new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(By.cssSelector("iframe.menuframe[name='menu']")));
new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.cssSelector("td.menusection.menusection-collapsed#elmt_XXXX_subMenu"))).click();

使用 xpath:

new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(By.xpath("//frame[contains(@src, 'index')]")));
new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(By.xpath("//iframe[@class='menuframe' and @name='menu']")));
new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//td[@class='menusection menusection-collapsed' and @id='elmt_XXXX_subMenu']"))).click();

Note: As per the current HTML you have provided the following <iframe> looks to be closed which may not be true:

<iframe class="menuframe" name="menu" src="menu.dsp" scrolling="yes" seamless="seamless"></iframe>

参考

您可以在以下位置找到一些相关讨论：

Is it possible to switch to an element in a frame without using driver.switchTo().frame(“frameName”) in Selenium Webdriver Java?

Answer 3

我能够通过按索引切换内容来让它工作。使用 System.out.println(driver.getPageSource()); 将页面源记录到控制台并确保我在正确的位置工作。我尝试通过标签查找 iframe 并打印其名称如下。

List<WebElement> elements = DriverContext.driver.findElements(By.tagName("iframe"));
elements.forEach(element -> System.out.println(element.getAttribute("name"))); // printed 'menu' and 'body', perfect

但是，在使用名称将内容切换到 iframe 时，还尝试使用 WebDriverWait，

driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.name("menu")));

无论出于何种原因，它都不起作用，并一直抛出问题中的异常。

使用索引切换到 iframe，然后点击有效的元素。

driver.switchTo().frame(0); // switch to frame
driver.switchTo().frame(0); // switch to first iframe

driver.findElement(By.id("elmt_XXXX_subMenu")).click();

此外，我曾使用 WebDriverWait 来等待页面加载。

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);
wait.until(webDriver -> ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("return document.readyState").toString().equals("complete"));

如何使用 Selenium Webdriver 和 Java 在框架内的 iframe 内单击 link

How to click on a link inside an iframe which is inside a frame using Selenium Webdriver and Java

java

iframe

selenium

selenium-webdriver

webdriverwait

参考