枚举类型的 TypeConverter 属性打破了该类型的依赖属性

TypeConverter attribute on enum type breaks dependency properties of that type

我定义了一个枚举类型,详细说明了各种调色板,用于为灰度图像着色,为此我使用了 Description 属性和一个 TypeConverter,以便将枚举值的描述​​字符串用于组合框、列表框等。我绑定到这种类型。枚举如下所示:

    // available color palettes for colorizing 8 bit grayscale images
    [TypeConverter(typeof(EnumDescriptionTypeConverter))]
    public enum ColorPalette
    {
        [Description("Alarm Blue")]
        AlarmBlue,
        [Description("Alarm Blue High")]
        AlarmBlueHi,
        [Description("Alarm Green")]
        AlarmGreen,
        [Description("Alarm Red")]
        AlarmRed,
        [Description("Fire")]
        Fire,
        [Description("Gray BW")]
        GrayBW,
        [Description("Ice 32")]
        Ice32,
        [Description("Iron")]
        Iron,
        [Description("Iron High")]
        IronHi,
        [Description("Medical 10")]
        Medical10,
        [Description("Rainbow")]
        Rainbow,
        [Description("Rainbow High")]
        RainbowHi,
        [Description("Temperature 256")]
        Temperature256,
        [Description("Nano Green")]
        NanoGreen
    };

EnumDescriptionTypeConverter 如下所示:

public class EnumDescriptionTypeConverter : EnumConverter
    {
        public EnumDescriptionTypeConverter(Type type) : base(type) { }

        public override object ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo culture, object value, Type destinationType)
        {
            if (destinationType == typeof(string))
            {
                if (value != null)
                {
                    FieldInfo fieldInfo = value.GetType().GetField(value.ToString());
                    if (fieldInfo != null)
                    {
                        var attributes = (DescriptionAttribute[])fieldInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DescriptionAttribute), false);
                        return ((attributes.Length > 0) && (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(attributes[0].Description))) ? attributes[0].Description : value.ToString();
                    }
                }
                return string.Empty;
            }

            return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
        }
    }

使用这个,我可以绑定枚举类型说,组合框的 ItemsSource 属性 并让描述字符串自动用作组合框元素,使用另一个自定义标记扩展 class我认为这里的代码不相关。 问题是,如果我尝试在基于此枚举类型的自定义控件上创建 public 依赖项 属性,它将无法工作。下面是一个自定义控件示例:

    public class TestControl : Control
    {
        public ColorPalette Test1
        {
            get => (ColorPalette)GetValue(Test1Property);
            set => SetValue(Test1Property, value);
        }

        public static readonly DependencyProperty Test1Property = DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Test1), typeof(ColorPalette),
            typeof(TestControl), new PropertyMetadata
            {
                DefaultValue = ColorPalette.Rainbow
            });
    }

这段代码编译没有错误,我可以将 TestControl 放入 window,直到我尝试在 XAML 中设置测试值 属性 - 然后我不'得到包含枚举值的通常的 IntelliSense,当我尝试手动设置一个值时,我在 运行 应用程序时立即收到访问冲突异常,就在 MainWindow 的 InitializeComponent() 方法中:

" 在 .exe 中的 0x00007FF84723A799 (KernelBase.dll) 抛出异常:0xC0000005:读取位置 0x0000000000000008 发生访问冲突。"

当我从枚举定义中删除 TypeConverter 属性时,不会发生这种情况,但是 Description 字符串绑定当然不再起作用。

我对 WPF 的了解还不够,无法意识到问题到底出在哪里。有没有办法避免这种情况,并且仍然使用 TypeConverter 来使用 Description 字符串属性进行绑定?

是否必须使用依赖项属性?

对于这种情况,我在 XAML 代码

中使用了带有 Enum 对象的 ViewModel 和 IValueConverter

枚举类型的 ViewModel 示例

public abstract class VM_PropertyChanged : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
    protected void OnPropertyChange(string propertyName)
    {
        var handler = PropertyChanged;
        if (PropertyChanged != null)
            handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
    }
}

public class VM_EnumItem<T> : VM_PropertyChanged
{

    public T Enum { get; }

    public bool IsEnabled
    {
        get { return isEnabled; }
        set { isEnabled = value; OnPropertyChange(nameof(IsEnabled)); }
    }
    private bool isEnabled;

    public VM_EnumItem(T Enum, bool IsEnabled)
    {
        this.Enum = Enum;
        this.IsEnabled = IsEnabled;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        return Enum.GetHashCode();
    }

    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        if (obj != null && obj is VM_EnumItem<T> item)
            return System.Enum.Equals(item.Enum, this.Enum);
        return false;
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return string.Format("{0} | {1}", Enum, IsEnabled);
    }
 
}

WPF 控件的 ViewModel 示例

class ViewModel : VM_PropertyChanged
{

    public enum ColorPalette
    {
        [Description("Alarm Blue")]
        AlarmBlue,
        [Description("Alarm Blue High")]
        AlarmBlueHi
    }
    // all options
    public ObservableCollection<VM_EnumItem<ColorPalette>> EnumItems { get; } = new ObservableCollection<VM_EnumItem<ColorPalette>>()
    {
           new VM_EnumItem<ColorPalette>(ColorPalette.AlarmBlue, true),
           new VM_EnumItem<ColorPalette>(ColorPalette.AlarmBlueHi, true)
     };

    public VM_EnumItem<ColorPalette> SelectedEnumItem
    {
        get { return EnumItems.Where(s => s.Enum == SelectedEnum).FirstOrDefault(); }
        set { SelectedEnum = value.Enum; OnPropertyChange(nameof(SelectedEnumItem)); }
    }

    private ColorPalette SelectedEnum; // your selected Enum
}

转换器示例

public class VM_Converter_EnumDescription : IValueConverter
{
    public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
    {
        Type type = value.GetType();
        if (!type.IsEnum)
            return value;

        string name = Enum.GetName(type, value);
        FieldInfo fi = type.GetField(name);
        DescriptionAttribute descriptionAttrib = (DescriptionAttribute)Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(fi, typeof(DescriptionAttribute));

        return descriptionAttrib == null ? value.ToString() : descriptionAttrib.Description;
    }

    public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
    {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
    }
}

WPF 控件示例

<Window.Resources>
    <ResourceDictionary >
        <local:VM_Converter_EnumDescription x:Key="Converter_EnumDescription"/>
    </ResourceDictionary>
</Window.Resources>

////////////

    <ComboBox 
        ItemsSource="{Binding Path=EnumItems, Mode=OneWay}"
        SelectedItem="{Binding Path=SelectedEnumItem, Mode=TwoWay, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}">
        <ComboBox.ItemTemplate>
            <DataTemplate>
                <ContentPresenter Content="{Binding Path=Enum, Converter={StaticResource Converter_EnumDescription}}"/>
            </DataTemplate>
        </ComboBox.ItemTemplate>
        <ComboBox.ItemContainerStyle>
            <Style TargetType="{x:Type ComboBoxItem}">
                <Setter Property="IsEnabled" Value="{Binding Path=IsEnabled}"/>
            </Style>
        </ComboBox.ItemContainerStyle>
    </ComboBox>

所以我找到了一个解决方法,使用不同类型的 MarkupExtension 作为枚举类型的绑定源:

    public class EnumDescriptionBindingSourceExtension : MarkupExtension
    {
        public Type EnumType
        {
            get => enumType;
            set
            {
                if (enumType != value)
                {
                    if (value != null)
                    {
                        Type type = Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(value) ?? value;
                        if (!type.IsEnum)
                            throw new ArgumentException("Type must be an enum type");
                    }
                    enumType = value;
                }
            }
        }

        private Type enumType;

        public EnumDescriptionBindingSourceExtension() { }

        public EnumDescriptionBindingSourceExtension(Type enumType) => this.enumType = enumType;

        public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
        {
            if (enumType == null)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("The enum type must be specified");

            Type actualEnumType = Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(enumType) ?? enumType;
            Array enumValues = Enum.GetValues(actualEnumType);

            if (actualEnumType == enumType)
            {
                List<string> descriptions = new List<string>(enumValues.Length);
                foreach (object value in enumValues)
                {
                    FieldInfo fieldInfo = value.GetType().GetField(value.ToString());
                    if (fieldInfo != null)
                    {
                        DescriptionAttribute[] attributes = (DescriptionAttribute[])fieldInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DescriptionAttribute), false);
                        descriptions.Add(((attributes.Length > 0) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(attributes[0].Description)) ? attributes[0].Description : value.ToString());
                    }
                }
                return descriptions;
            }
            else
            {
                Array tempArray = Array.CreateInstance(actualEnumType, enumValues.Length + 1);
                enumValues.CopyTo(tempArray, 1);
                return tempArray;
            }
        }
    }

此扩展 return 是枚举值的描述​​字符串数组(如果有,否则只是 value.ToString())。在 XAML 绑定中使用它时,我可以让我的组合框直接用枚举值描述填充,而以前我会使用一个标记扩展,它只是 return 枚举值本身的数组和由 TypeConverter 完成对其描述字符串的转换。

使用这个新的标记扩展时,我必须使用一个转换器,它可以从其描述字符串中确定原始枚举值:

public class EnumDescriptionConverter : IValueConverter
    {
        object IValueConverter.Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
        {
            if (value is Enum enumObject)
            {
                FieldInfo fieldInfo = enumObject.GetType().GetField(enumObject.ToString());
                object[] attributes = fieldInfo.GetCustomAttributes(false);

                if (attributes.Length == 0)
                    return enumObject.ToString();
                else
                {
                    DescriptionAttribute attribute = attributes[0] as DescriptionAttribute;
                    return attribute.Description;
                }
            }
            else
                throw new ArgumentException($"Conversion is only defined for enum types");
        }

        object IValueConverter.ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
        {
            if (value is string valString)
            {
                Array enumValues = targetType.GetEnumValues();
                FieldInfo fieldInfo;
                DescriptionAttribute[] attributes;
                string target;
                foreach (object enumValue in enumValues)
                {
                    fieldInfo = enumValue.GetType().GetField(enumValue.ToString());
                    if(fieldInfo != null)
                    {
                        attributes = (DescriptionAttribute[])fieldInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DescriptionAttribute), false);
                        target = ((attributes.Length == 1) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(attributes[0].Description)) ? attributes[0].Description : enumValue.ToString();
                        if (valString == target)
                            return enumValue;
                    }
                }
                throw new ArgumentException($"Back-conversion failed - no enum value corresponding to string");
            }
            else
                throw new ArgumentException($"Back-conversion is only defined for string type");
        }
    }

有了这两个,我可以在 XAML 中执行以下操作:

<ns:EnumDescriptionConverter x:Key="enumDescriptionConverter"/>
(...)
<ComboBox ItemsSource="{Binding Source={ns:EnumDescriptionBindingSource {x:Type ns:MyEnumType}}, Mode=OneTime}" SelectedItem="{Binding MyEnumTypeProperty, Converter={StaticResource enumDescriptionConverter}}"/>

这将自动用枚举值填充组合框,由它们的描述字符串表示,并将所选项目绑定到该类型的 属性。然后,无需在枚举定义上设置 TypeConverter 属性即可工作,因此不会出现我原来的问题。

我仍然none更清楚为什么它首先会发生,或者是否有更好的方法来解决它但是嘿,它有效。