为什么我的 char 数组长度不正确?
Why is my char array not the correct length?
我有一个程序可以接收密钥。该键移动许多字符环绕 z 并保留大写的纯文本。只有当密文的容器大小不正确时才会出现问题。为什么 ciphertext
数组比我的 planetext
字符串大?
#import <cs50.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import <math.h>
#import <string.h>
#import <ctype.h>
#import <stdlib.h>
bool is_number(string str);
void print_string(string call, string s);
// Your program must accept a single command-line argument, a non-negative integer. Let’s call it k for the sake of discussion.
int main(int argc, string argv[])
{
//return error because there was no key given
if (argc == 1 || !is_number(argv[1]))
{
printf("Usage: ./caesar key\n");
return 1;
}
else if (argc != 2){
printf("Usage: ./caesar key\n");
return 1;
}
string plaintext = get_string("plaintext:");
char ciphertext[strlen(plaintext)];
int k = atoll(argv[1]) % 26;
printf("plain Text: %s\n", plaintext);
printf("Text len: %lu\n", strlen(plaintext));
printf("Char len: %lu\n", strlen(ciphertext));
printf("Char 1: %c\n", ciphertext[0]);
printf("key length :%i\n", k);
printf("ciphertext before: %s\n", ciphertext);
for (int i = 0, n = strlen(plaintext); i < n; i++)
{
//isupper
if (isupper(plaintext[i]))
{
//does it go past Z?
if (plaintext[i] + k > 'Z')
{
ciphertext[i] = plaintext[i] + k - 'Z' + 'A' - 1;
}
// does it not go past Z
else
{
ciphertext[i] = plaintext[i] + k;
}
}
//is lower
else if (islower(plaintext[i]))
{
//does it go past z?
if (plaintext[i] + k > 'z')
{
ciphertext[i] = plaintext[i] + k - 'z' + 'a' - 1;
}
// does it not go past z
else
{
ciphertext[i] = plaintext[i] + k;
}
}
// if anything else don't change it
else
{
ciphertext[i] = plaintext[i];
}
}
printf("ciphertext after: %s", ciphertext);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
文本的加扰效果很好。我只是不明白为什么我在某些单元测试结束时会有一些垃圾值。
这是我的代码的输出:
plaintext:a
Plane Text: a
Text len: 1
Char len: 6
Char 1:
key length :1 //this is not a tabbing error. This was my output.
ciphertext:b*
plaintext:hello
plain Text: hello
Text len: 5
Char len: 6
Char 1:
key length :12
ciphertext before: n2
ciphertext after: tqxxa
plaintext:asdfjdnghsidkwqd
plain Text: asdfjdnghsidkwqd
Text len: 16
Char len: 6
Char 1:
key length :12
ciphertext before: $
ciphertext after: meprvpzsteupwicp
plaintext:ashdngkdirheknshd
plain Text: ashdngkdirheknshd
Text len: 17
Char len: 0
Char 1:
key length :12
ciphertext before:
ciphertext after: metpzswpudtqwzetp'
我注意到 char len
是 6,直到我在 plaintext
字符串中输入超过 16 个字符。然后它下降到 0。我假设我的问题出在某个地方,但我对计算机科学的了解还不够,无法弄清楚发生了什么。能赐教吗?
您需要将 strlen 加一,以便为终止字符串的 '\0' 留出空间。
char ciphertext[strlen(plaintext)];
是一个variable-length数组,在C++中是non-standard,见Why aren't variable-length arrays part of the C++ standard?.
无论如何,该声明不提供 space 空终止符。您需要为此添加 +1:
char ciphertext[strlen(plaintext)+1];
然后,确保ciphertext
最后未使用的char
实际设置为'[=15=]'
,例如:
// copy some text into ciphertext, then...
ciphertext[LengthActuallyUsed] = '[=11=]';
就此而言,在尝试打印之前,您没有使用 任何 文本数据填充 ciphertext
,因此 printf()
将打印垃圾(如果有的话)完全没有)因为 ciphertext
不能保证在其声明中是 null-terminated。
我有一个程序可以接收密钥。该键移动许多字符环绕 z 并保留大写的纯文本。只有当密文的容器大小不正确时才会出现问题。为什么 ciphertext
数组比我的 planetext
字符串大?
#import <cs50.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import <math.h>
#import <string.h>
#import <ctype.h>
#import <stdlib.h>
bool is_number(string str);
void print_string(string call, string s);
// Your program must accept a single command-line argument, a non-negative integer. Let’s call it k for the sake of discussion.
int main(int argc, string argv[])
{
//return error because there was no key given
if (argc == 1 || !is_number(argv[1]))
{
printf("Usage: ./caesar key\n");
return 1;
}
else if (argc != 2){
printf("Usage: ./caesar key\n");
return 1;
}
string plaintext = get_string("plaintext:");
char ciphertext[strlen(plaintext)];
int k = atoll(argv[1]) % 26;
printf("plain Text: %s\n", plaintext);
printf("Text len: %lu\n", strlen(plaintext));
printf("Char len: %lu\n", strlen(ciphertext));
printf("Char 1: %c\n", ciphertext[0]);
printf("key length :%i\n", k);
printf("ciphertext before: %s\n", ciphertext);
for (int i = 0, n = strlen(plaintext); i < n; i++)
{
//isupper
if (isupper(plaintext[i]))
{
//does it go past Z?
if (plaintext[i] + k > 'Z')
{
ciphertext[i] = plaintext[i] + k - 'Z' + 'A' - 1;
}
// does it not go past Z
else
{
ciphertext[i] = plaintext[i] + k;
}
}
//is lower
else if (islower(plaintext[i]))
{
//does it go past z?
if (plaintext[i] + k > 'z')
{
ciphertext[i] = plaintext[i] + k - 'z' + 'a' - 1;
}
// does it not go past z
else
{
ciphertext[i] = plaintext[i] + k;
}
}
// if anything else don't change it
else
{
ciphertext[i] = plaintext[i];
}
}
printf("ciphertext after: %s", ciphertext);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
文本的加扰效果很好。我只是不明白为什么我在某些单元测试结束时会有一些垃圾值。
这是我的代码的输出:
plaintext:a
Plane Text: a
Text len: 1
Char len: 6
Char 1:
key length :1 //this is not a tabbing error. This was my output.
ciphertext:b*
plaintext:hello
plain Text: hello
Text len: 5
Char len: 6
Char 1:
key length :12
ciphertext before: n2
ciphertext after: tqxxa
plaintext:asdfjdnghsidkwqd
plain Text: asdfjdnghsidkwqd
Text len: 16
Char len: 6
Char 1:
key length :12
ciphertext before: $
ciphertext after: meprvpzsteupwicp
plaintext:ashdngkdirheknshd
plain Text: ashdngkdirheknshd
Text len: 17
Char len: 0
Char 1:
key length :12
ciphertext before:
ciphertext after: metpzswpudtqwzetp'
我注意到 char len
是 6,直到我在 plaintext
字符串中输入超过 16 个字符。然后它下降到 0。我假设我的问题出在某个地方,但我对计算机科学的了解还不够,无法弄清楚发生了什么。能赐教吗?
您需要将 strlen 加一,以便为终止字符串的 '\0' 留出空间。
char ciphertext[strlen(plaintext)];
是一个variable-length数组,在C++中是non-standard,见Why aren't variable-length arrays part of the C++ standard?.
无论如何,该声明不提供 space 空终止符。您需要为此添加 +1:
char ciphertext[strlen(plaintext)+1];
然后,确保ciphertext
最后未使用的char
实际设置为'[=15=]'
,例如:
// copy some text into ciphertext, then...
ciphertext[LengthActuallyUsed] = '[=11=]';
就此而言,在尝试打印之前,您没有使用 任何 文本数据填充 ciphertext
,因此 printf()
将打印垃圾(如果有的话)完全没有)因为 ciphertext
不能保证在其声明中是 null-terminated。