Scrapy：登录后抓取下一页
Scrapy: Crawl Next Pages After Login
我对网络抓取还很陌生。成功登录 quotes.toscrape.com 网站后，我正在尝试抓取页面。我的代码（scrapytest/spiders/quotes_spider.py）如下：
import scrapy
from scrapy.http import FormRequest
from ..items import ScrapytestItem
from scrapy.utils.response import open_in_browser
from scrapy.spiders.init import InitSpider
class QuoteSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'scrapyquotes'
login_url = 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/login'
start_urls = [login_url]
def parse(self,response):
token = response.css('input[name="csrf_token"]::attr(value)').extract_first()
yield scrapy.FormRequest(url=self.login_url,formdata={
'csrf_token':token,
'username':'roberthng',
'password':'dsadsadsa'
},callback = self.start_scraping)
def start_scraping(self,response):
items = ScrapytestItem()
all_div_quotes=response.css('div.quote')
for quotes in all_div_quotes:
title = quotes.css('span.text::text').extract()
author = quotes.css('.author::text').extract()
tag = quotes.css('.tag::text').extract()
items['title'] = title
items['author'] = author
items['tag'] = tag
yield items
#Go to Next Page:
next_page = response.css('li.next a::attr(href)').get()
if next_page is not None:
yield response.follow(next_page, callback=self.parse)
每当我 运行 这段代码通过终端 (VSC) 上的 $ scrapy 抓取 scrapyquotes 时，代码只能抓取登录和抓取第一页。总是爬不到第二页。下面是出现的错误消息：
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET
http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/2/> (referer:
http://quotes.toscrape.com/)
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper]
ERROR: Spider error processing <GET
http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/2/> (referer:
http://quotes.toscrape.com/)
我怀疑这与 start_urls 有关，但是当我将其更改为 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/1' 时，代码甚至没有抓取第一页。谁能帮我解决这段代码？提前致谢！
完整错误日志：
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 2.3.0 started (bot: scrapytest)
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.5.2.0, libxml2 2.9.10, cssselect 1.1.0, parsel 1.5.2, w3lib 1.21.0, Twisted 20.3.0, Python 3.8.3 (default, Jul 2 2020, 17:30:36) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)], pyOpenSSL 19.1.0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1h 22 Sep 2020), cryptography 3.1.1, Platform Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.utils.log] DEBUG: Using reactor: twisted.internet.selectreactor.SelectReactor
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings:
{'BOT_NAME': 'scrapytest',
'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'scrapytest.spiders',
'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True,
'SPIDER_MODULES': ['scrapytest.spiders']}
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet Password: 92d2fd08391e76a9
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
['scrapytest.pipelines.ScrapytestPipeline']
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2020-10-10 12:26:41 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (404) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2020-10-10 12:26:41 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/login> (referer: None)
2020-10-10 12:26:41 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect] DEBUG: Redirecting (302) to <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/> from <POST http://quotes.toscrape.com/login>
2020-10-10 12:26:41 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/> (referer: http://quotes.toscrape.com/login)
2020-10-10 12:26:41 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Albert Einstein'],
'tag': ['change', 'deep-thoughts', 'thinking', 'world'],
'title': ['“The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It '
'cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:41 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['J.K. Rowling'],
'tag': ['abilities', 'choices'],
'title': ['“It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more '
'than our abilities.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Albert Einstein'],
'tag': ['inspirational', 'life', 'live', 'miracle', 'miracles'],
'title': ['“There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though '
'nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a '
'miracle.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Jane Austen'],
'tag': ['aliteracy', 'books', 'classic', 'humor'],
'title': ['“The person, be it gentleman or lady, who has not pleasure in a '
'good novel, must be intolerably stupid.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Marilyn Monroe'],
'tag': ['be-yourself', 'inspirational'],
'title': ["“Imperfection is beauty, madness is genius and it's better to be "
'absolutely ridiculous than absolutely boring.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Albert Einstein'],
'tag': ['adulthood', 'success', 'value'],
'title': ['“Try not to become a man of success. Rather become a man of '
'value.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['André Gide'],
'tag': ['life', 'love'],
'title': ['“It is better to be hated for what you are than to be loved for '
'what you are not.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Thomas A. Edison'],
'tag': ['edison', 'failure', 'inspirational', 'paraphrased'],
'title': ["“I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work.”"]}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Eleanor Roosevelt'],
'tag': ['misattributed-eleanor-roosevelt'],
'title': ['“A woman is like a tea bag; you never know how strong it is until '
"it's in hot water.”"]}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Steve Martin'],
'tag': ['humor', 'obvious', 'simile'],
'title': ['“A day without sunshine is like, you know, night.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/2/> (referer: http://quotes.toscrape.com/)
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] ERROR: Spider error processing <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/2/> (referer: http://quotes.toscrape.com/)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\defer.py", line 120, in iter_errback
yield next(it)
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\python.py", line 347, in __next__
return next(self.data)
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\python.py", line 347, in __next__
return next(self.data)
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\spidermw.py", line 64, in _evaluate_iterable
for r in iterable:
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\offsite.py", line 29, in process_spider_output
for x in result:
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\spidermw.py", line 64, in _evaluate_iterable
for r in iterable:
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\referer.py", line 340, in <genexpr>
return (_set_referer(r) for r in result or ())
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\spidermw.py", line 64, in _evaluate_iterable
for r in iterable:
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\urllength.py", line 37, in <genexpr>
return (r for r in result or () if _filter(r))
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\spidermw.py", line 64, in _evaluate_iterable
for r in iterable:
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\depth.py", line 58, in <genexpr>
return (r for r in result or () if _filter(r))
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\spidermw.py", line 64, in _evaluate_iterable
for r in iterable:
File "C:\Users\Robert\Documents\Demos\vstoolbox\scrapytest\scrapytest\spiders\quotes_spider.py", line 15, in parse
yield scrapy.FormRequest(url=self.login_url,formdata={
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\request\form.py", line 31, in __init__
querystr = _urlencode(items, self.encoding)
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\request\form.py", line 71, in _urlencode
values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc))
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\request\form.py", line 71, in <listcomp>
values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc))
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\python.py", line 104, in to_bytes
raise TypeError('to_bytes must receive a str or bytes '
TypeError: to_bytes must receive a str or bytes object, got NoneType
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 1832,
'downloader/request_count': 5,
'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 4,
'downloader/request_method_count/POST': 1,
'downloader/response_bytes': 8041,
'downloader/response_count': 5,
'downloader/response_status_count/200': 3,
'downloader/response_status_count/302': 1,
'downloader/response_status_count/404': 1,
'elapsed_time_seconds': 2.063919,
'finish_reason': 'finished',
'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2020, 10, 10, 5, 26, 42, 486494),
'item_scraped_count': 10,
'log_count/DEBUG': 15,
'log_count/ERROR': 1,
'log_count/INFO': 10,
'request_depth_max': 2,
'response_received_count': 4,
'robotstxt/request_count': 1,
'robotstxt/response_status_count/404': 1,
'scheduler/dequeued': 4,
'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 4,
'scheduler/enqueued': 4,
'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 4,
'spider_exceptions/TypeError': 1,
'start_time': datetime.datetime(2020, 10, 10, 5, 26, 40, 422575)}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
目录中其他文件的代码：
(scrapytest/items.py)
import scrapy
class ScrapytestItem(scrapy.Item):
#define the fields for your item here like:
title = scrapy.Field()
author = scrapy.Field()
tag = scrapy.Field()`
(scrapytest/pipelines.py)
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
import sqlite3
class ScrapytestPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
self.create_connection()
self.create_table()
def create_connection(self):
self.conn = sqlite3.connect('myquotes.db')
self.curr = self.conn.cursor()
def create_table(self):
self.curr.execute("""DROP TABLE IF EXISTS quotes_tb""")
self.curr.execute("""create table quotes_tb(
title text,
author text,
tag text
)""")
def process_item(self, item, spider):
self.store_db(item)
#print("Pipeline :" + item['title'][0])
return item
def store_db(self, item):
self.curr.execute("""insert into quotes_tb values(?,?,?)""",(
item['title'][0],
item['author'][0],
item['tag'][0]
))
self.conn.commit()
(scrapytest/settings.py)
BOT_NAME = 'scrapytest'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['scrapytest.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'scrapytest.spiders'
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'scrapytest.pipelines.ScrapytestPipeline': 300,
}
这来自您的执行日志：
File "C:\Users\Robert\Documents\Demos\vstoolbox\scrapytest\scrapytest\spiders\quotes_spider.py", line 15, in parse
yield scrapy.FormRequest(url=self.login_url,formdata={
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\request\form.py", line 31, in __init__
querystr = _urlencode(items, self.encoding)
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\request\form.py", line 71, in _urlencode
values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc))
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\request\form.py", line 71, in <listcomp>
values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc))
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\python.py", line 104, in to_bytes
raise TypeError('to_bytes must receive a str or bytes '
TypeError: to_bytes must receive a str or bytes object, got NoneType
简而言之，它告诉您 formdata 参数中的参数是 None，但它应该是 “一个 str 或 bytes 对象”。
鉴于您的 formdata 有三个字段，只有一个是变量，token 必须返回空。
...
token = response.css('input[name="csrf_token"]::attr(value)').extract_first()
yield scrapy.FormRequest(url=self.login_url,formdata={
'csrf_token':token,
'username':'roberthng',
'password':'dsadsadsa'
},callback = self.start_scraping)
但是，如果您在登录页面，您的选择器returns 的值是正确的。我的假设是，当您定义下一页的请求时，您正在将回调设置为您的 parse 方法（或者根本不设置它，这导致 parse 作为默认值）。
我说假设，因为您没有 post 您的代码的那部分。您的代码示例在此处停止：
#Go to Next Page:
next_page = response.css('li.next a::attr(href)').get()
if next_page is not None:
因此请确保在此之后发生的事情是为请求正确设置回调函数。
您向回调函数传递了错误的函数，您的 self.parse 函数只能用于登录页面。
if next_page is not None:
yield response.follow(next_page, callback=self.start_scraping)
我对网络抓取还很陌生。成功登录 quotes.toscrape.com 网站后，我正在尝试抓取页面。我的代码（scrapytest/spiders/quotes_spider.py）如下：
import scrapy
from scrapy.http import FormRequest
from ..items import ScrapytestItem
from scrapy.utils.response import open_in_browser
from scrapy.spiders.init import InitSpider
class QuoteSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'scrapyquotes'
login_url = 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/login'
start_urls = [login_url]
def parse(self,response):
token = response.css('input[name="csrf_token"]::attr(value)').extract_first()
yield scrapy.FormRequest(url=self.login_url,formdata={
'csrf_token':token,
'username':'roberthng',
'password':'dsadsadsa'
},callback = self.start_scraping)
def start_scraping(self,response):
items = ScrapytestItem()
all_div_quotes=response.css('div.quote')
for quotes in all_div_quotes:
title = quotes.css('span.text::text').extract()
author = quotes.css('.author::text').extract()
tag = quotes.css('.tag::text').extract()
items['title'] = title
items['author'] = author
items['tag'] = tag
yield items
#Go to Next Page:
next_page = response.css('li.next a::attr(href)').get()
if next_page is not None:
yield response.follow(next_page, callback=self.parse)
每当我 运行 这段代码通过终端 (VSC) 上的 $ scrapy 抓取 scrapyquotes 时，代码只能抓取登录和抓取第一页。总是爬不到第二页。下面是出现的错误消息：
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/2/> (referer: http://quotes.toscrape.com/)
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] ERROR: Spider error processing <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/2/> (referer: http://quotes.toscrape.com/)
我怀疑这与 start_urls 有关，但是当我将其更改为 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/1' 时，代码甚至没有抓取第一页。谁能帮我解决这段代码？提前致谢！
完整错误日志：
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 2.3.0 started (bot: scrapytest)
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.5.2.0, libxml2 2.9.10, cssselect 1.1.0, parsel 1.5.2, w3lib 1.21.0, Twisted 20.3.0, Python 3.8.3 (default, Jul 2 2020, 17:30:36) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)], pyOpenSSL 19.1.0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1h 22 Sep 2020), cryptography 3.1.1, Platform Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.utils.log] DEBUG: Using reactor: twisted.internet.selectreactor.SelectReactor
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings:
{'BOT_NAME': 'scrapytest',
'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'scrapytest.spiders',
'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True,
'SPIDER_MODULES': ['scrapytest.spiders']}
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet Password: 92d2fd08391e76a9
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
['scrapytest.pipelines.ScrapytestPipeline']
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2020-10-10 12:26:40 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2020-10-10 12:26:41 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (404) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2020-10-10 12:26:41 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/login> (referer: None)
2020-10-10 12:26:41 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect] DEBUG: Redirecting (302) to <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/> from <POST http://quotes.toscrape.com/login>
2020-10-10 12:26:41 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/> (referer: http://quotes.toscrape.com/login)
2020-10-10 12:26:41 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Albert Einstein'],
'tag': ['change', 'deep-thoughts', 'thinking', 'world'],
'title': ['“The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It '
'cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:41 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['J.K. Rowling'],
'tag': ['abilities', 'choices'],
'title': ['“It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more '
'than our abilities.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Albert Einstein'],
'tag': ['inspirational', 'life', 'live', 'miracle', 'miracles'],
'title': ['“There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though '
'nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a '
'miracle.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Jane Austen'],
'tag': ['aliteracy', 'books', 'classic', 'humor'],
'title': ['“The person, be it gentleman or lady, who has not pleasure in a '
'good novel, must be intolerably stupid.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Marilyn Monroe'],
'tag': ['be-yourself', 'inspirational'],
'title': ["“Imperfection is beauty, madness is genius and it's better to be "
'absolutely ridiculous than absolutely boring.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Albert Einstein'],
'tag': ['adulthood', 'success', 'value'],
'title': ['“Try not to become a man of success. Rather become a man of '
'value.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['André Gide'],
'tag': ['life', 'love'],
'title': ['“It is better to be hated for what you are than to be loved for '
'what you are not.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Thomas A. Edison'],
'tag': ['edison', 'failure', 'inspirational', 'paraphrased'],
'title': ["“I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work.”"]}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Eleanor Roosevelt'],
'tag': ['misattributed-eleanor-roosevelt'],
'title': ['“A woman is like a tea bag; you never know how strong it is until '
"it's in hot water.”"]}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://quotes.toscrape.com/>
{'author': ['Steve Martin'],
'tag': ['humor', 'obvious', 'simile'],
'title': ['“A day without sunshine is like, you know, night.”']}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/2/> (referer: http://quotes.toscrape.com/)
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.scraper] ERROR: Spider error processing <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/2/> (referer: http://quotes.toscrape.com/)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\defer.py", line 120, in iter_errback
yield next(it)
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\python.py", line 347, in __next__
return next(self.data)
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\python.py", line 347, in __next__
return next(self.data)
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\spidermw.py", line 64, in _evaluate_iterable
for r in iterable:
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\offsite.py", line 29, in process_spider_output
for x in result:
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\spidermw.py", line 64, in _evaluate_iterable
for r in iterable:
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\referer.py", line 340, in <genexpr>
return (_set_referer(r) for r in result or ())
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\spidermw.py", line 64, in _evaluate_iterable
for r in iterable:
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\urllength.py", line 37, in <genexpr>
return (r for r in result or () if _filter(r))
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\spidermw.py", line 64, in _evaluate_iterable
for r in iterable:
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\depth.py", line 58, in <genexpr>
return (r for r in result or () if _filter(r))
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\spidermw.py", line 64, in _evaluate_iterable
for r in iterable:
File "C:\Users\Robert\Documents\Demos\vstoolbox\scrapytest\scrapytest\spiders\quotes_spider.py", line 15, in parse
yield scrapy.FormRequest(url=self.login_url,formdata={
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\request\form.py", line 31, in __init__
querystr = _urlencode(items, self.encoding)
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\request\form.py", line 71, in _urlencode
values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc))
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\request\form.py", line 71, in <listcomp>
values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc))
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\python.py", line 104, in to_bytes
raise TypeError('to_bytes must receive a str or bytes '
TypeError: to_bytes must receive a str or bytes object, got NoneType
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 1832,
'downloader/request_count': 5,
'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 4,
'downloader/request_method_count/POST': 1,
'downloader/response_bytes': 8041,
'downloader/response_count': 5,
'downloader/response_status_count/200': 3,
'downloader/response_status_count/302': 1,
'downloader/response_status_count/404': 1,
'elapsed_time_seconds': 2.063919,
'finish_reason': 'finished',
'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2020, 10, 10, 5, 26, 42, 486494),
'item_scraped_count': 10,
'log_count/DEBUG': 15,
'log_count/ERROR': 1,
'log_count/INFO': 10,
'request_depth_max': 2,
'response_received_count': 4,
'robotstxt/request_count': 1,
'robotstxt/response_status_count/404': 1,
'scheduler/dequeued': 4,
'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 4,
'scheduler/enqueued': 4,
'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 4,
'spider_exceptions/TypeError': 1,
'start_time': datetime.datetime(2020, 10, 10, 5, 26, 40, 422575)}
2020-10-10 12:26:42 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
目录中其他文件的代码：
(scrapytest/items.py)
import scrapy
class ScrapytestItem(scrapy.Item):
#define the fields for your item here like:
title = scrapy.Field()
author = scrapy.Field()
tag = scrapy.Field()`
(scrapytest/pipelines.py)
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
import sqlite3
class ScrapytestPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
self.create_connection()
self.create_table()
def create_connection(self):
self.conn = sqlite3.connect('myquotes.db')
self.curr = self.conn.cursor()
def create_table(self):
self.curr.execute("""DROP TABLE IF EXISTS quotes_tb""")
self.curr.execute("""create table quotes_tb(
title text,
author text,
tag text
)""")
def process_item(self, item, spider):
self.store_db(item)
#print("Pipeline :" + item['title'][0])
return item
def store_db(self, item):
self.curr.execute("""insert into quotes_tb values(?,?,?)""",(
item['title'][0],
item['author'][0],
item['tag'][0]
))
self.conn.commit()
(scrapytest/settings.py)
BOT_NAME = 'scrapytest'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['scrapytest.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'scrapytest.spiders'
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'scrapytest.pipelines.ScrapytestPipeline': 300,
}
这来自您的执行日志：
File "C:\Users\Robert\Documents\Demos\vstoolbox\scrapytest\scrapytest\spiders\quotes_spider.py", line 15, in parse
yield scrapy.FormRequest(url=self.login_url,formdata={
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\request\form.py", line 31, in __init__
querystr = _urlencode(items, self.encoding)
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\request\form.py", line 71, in _urlencode
values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc))
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\request\form.py", line 71, in <listcomp>
values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc))
File "C:\Users\Robert\anaconda3\envs\condatest\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\python.py", line 104, in to_bytes
raise TypeError('to_bytes must receive a str or bytes '
TypeError: to_bytes must receive a str or bytes object, got NoneType
简而言之，它告诉您 formdata 参数中的参数是 None，但它应该是 “一个 str 或 bytes 对象”。
鉴于您的 formdata 有三个字段，只有一个是变量，token 必须返回空。
...
token = response.css('input[name="csrf_token"]::attr(value)').extract_first()
yield scrapy.FormRequest(url=self.login_url,formdata={
'csrf_token':token,
'username':'roberthng',
'password':'dsadsadsa'
},callback = self.start_scraping)
但是，如果您在登录页面，您的选择器returns 的值是正确的。我的假设是，当您定义下一页的请求时，您正在将回调设置为您的 parse 方法（或者根本不设置它，这导致 parse 作为默认值）。
我说假设，因为您没有 post 您的代码的那部分。您的代码示例在此处停止：
#Go to Next Page:
next_page = response.css('li.next a::attr(href)').get()
if next_page is not None:
因此请确保在此之后发生的事情是为请求正确设置回调函数。
您向回调函数传递了错误的函数，您的 self.parse 函数只能用于登录页面。
if next_page is not None:
yield response.follow(next_page, callback=self.start_scraping)