使用 Python 在线加入 Class 的机器人给出无效的 NameError

Question

这是我的代码：

#importing necessary modules for our program.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time

#Fill In Your email and password in the CREDS dictionary.
CREDS = {"email" : "9714@sindhimodel.in", "password" : "DhruvSev2006"}

URL = "https://teams.microsoft.com"

def start_browser():
    #This Function Will Start Your Browser.
    PATH = "C:\Program Files (x86)\chromedriver.exe"
    chrome = webdriver.Chrome(PATH)
    chrome.get(URL)

    print("Browser Opened. \n")

    login()

def login():
    #This Function Will Login To Your Account, Using The CREDS dictionary.
    time.sleep(2)
    print("Logging In To Your Account. \n")

    EmailField = chrome.find_element_by_id("i0116")
    EmailField.send_keys(CRED['email'])

    next = chrome.find_element_by_id("idSIButton9")
    next.click()
    time.sleep(2)

    pswd = chrome.find_element_by_id("i0118")
    pswd.send_keys(CRED['password'])

    sign_in = chrome.find_element_by_id("idSIButton9")
    sign_in.click()
    time.sleep(2)

    web_app = chrome.find_element_by_class_name("use-app-lnk")
    web_app.click()
    time.sleep(5)

    print("Logged In To Your Account. \n")

def change_class():
    #This Function Is Related To My School And My Classes. You Can Delete It. :)
    print("Changing Format Of Classes. \n")

    clas = input("which Class Do You Want To Join: ")

    classes = [["maths", "english", "p/c", "biology", "csc", "social"], ["hindi"]]

    if clas in classes[0]:
        clas = "Class:9:All Subjects Except Hindi"
    elif clas in classes[1]:
        clas = "Class:9:Hindi"
    else:
        clas = ""
        raise KeyError("Class Not Found :(")
    return clas

def know_class():
    #This Will Ask The User For The Class, Which The User Wants To Join.
    clas = change_class()

    if clas == "Class:9:All Subjects Except Hindi":
        team = "9 General"
    elif clas == "Class:9:Hindi":
        team = "9 HINDI General"
    else:
        team = ""

def join_other_class():
    general_9 = chrome.find_element_by_title_name("ts-ongoing-call-header is-call-message")
    general_9.click()

start_browser()
know_class()
join_other_class()

在 login() 函数（第 20 行）中，在 start_browser() 函数（第 79 行）中调用时给出错误。

chrome = webdriver.Chrome(PATH)

给出的错误（当运行命令提示符（CMD）中的代码在Windows中）是：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\DHRUV\Desktop\New folder\o.py", line 79, in <module>
    start_browser()
  File "C:\Users\DHRUV\Desktop\New folder\o.py", line 20, in start_browser
    login()
  File "C:\Users\DHRUV\Desktop\New folder\o.py", line 27, in login
    EmailField = chrome.find_element_by_id("i0116")
NameError: name 'chrome' is not defined

请帮帮我。我已经定义了 chrome 但它仍然报错。代码仍未完成，但仍然想检查代码是否能正常工作。

也请给出改进代码的方法。这是匆忙写的。而且我也是初学者

提前致谢！

Answer 1

您需要做的是将 chrome 指定为全局变量，您可以通过两种不同的方式来做到这一点，首先是将这段代码放在您的函数之外，让它成为一个可用的变量像这样的所有功能

PATH = "C:\Program Files (x86)\chromedriver.exe"
chrome = webdriver.Chrome(PATH)
def start_browser():
    ...

或者这样做

def start_browser():
    #This Function Will Start Your Browser.
    PATH = "C:\Program Files (x86)\chromedriver.exe"
    global chrome
    chrome = webdriver.Chrome(PATH)
    chrome.get(URL)

    print("Browser Opened. \n")

    login()

Here 你可以找到更多关于全局变量的信息

Answer 2

chrome是start_browser()中的局部变量。

如果您想通过其他方法访问它 login()，您有多种选择：

将其作为参数传递
使用全局变量（如果是第一次赋值，可能需要在函数中使用 global 关键字）
写一个class并使chrome成为一个实例属性，而不是单独的函数，这样你就可以在所有其他实例方法中使用self.chrome

我个人的偏好是选项 3，但您可以选择任何您想要的选项，甚至可以选择与我的建议完全不同的选项。

使用 Python 在线加入 Class 的机器人给出无效的 NameError

An Bot To Join Online Class With Python Is Giving Invalid NameError

python

selenium

bots

microsoft-teams