检查两个 int 数组是否有重复元素,并从中提取重复元素之一

Checking if two int arrays have duplicate elements, and extract one of the duplicate elements from them

我正在尝试编写一个方法 union(),它将 return 一个 int 数组,它需要两个 int 数组参数并检查它们是否是集合,或者换句话说它们之间是否有重复项他们。我写了另一个方法,isSet(),它接受一个数组参数并检查数组是否是一个集合。问题是我想检查 union 方法中的两个数组之间是否有重复项,如果有,我想提取其中一个重复项并将其放入 unionArray[] int 数组中。这是我到目前为止尝试过的。

public int[] union(int[] array1, int[] array2){
  
  int count = 0;
  if (isSet(array1) && isSet(array2)){
     for (int i = 0; i < array1.length; i++){
        for (int j = 0; j < array2.length; j++){
           if (array1[i] == array2[j]){ 
              System.out.println(array2[j]);
              count ++;
           }
        }
     }
  }
  int[] array3 = new int[array2.length - count];
     
  int[] unionArray = new int[array1.length + array3.length];
  int elementOfUnion = 0;
      
  for (int i = 0; i< array1.length; i++){
     unionArray[i] = array1[i];
     elementOfUnion = i + 1 ;
  }
  int index = 0;
  for (int i = elementOfUnion; i < unionArray.length; i++){
     unionArray[i] = array3[index];
     index++;
  }
  
  
  return unionArray;
}


public boolean isSet(int[] array){
  boolean duplicates = true;
  
  for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++){
     for(int n = i+1; n < array.length; n++){
        if (array[i] == array[n])
           duplicates = false;
     }
  }
     
  return duplicates;
}

我想做的是使用 unionArray 中的所有 array1 元素,检查 array2 是否与 array1 有任何重复,然后将所有非重复元素从 array2 移动到新的 array3,并连接 array3到 unionArray.

使用 Java 的流可以使这变得非常简单:

public int[] union(int[] array1, int[] array2) {
    return Stream.of(array1, array2).flatMapToInt(Arrays::stream).distinct().toArray();
}

CollectionAPI或StreamAPI会容易很多。但是,您已经提到您想纯粹使用数组来完成它而不导入任何 class,这将需要一些冗长(尽管简单)的处理单元。驱动逻辑的最重要的理论是如何(在下面给出)计算并集:

n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)

n(Only A) = n(A) - n(A ∩ B)
n(Only B) = n(B) - n(A ∩ B)

下图描述了此解决方案的高级摘要:

其余逻辑已通过代码本身的注释非常清楚地提及。

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Test
        display(union(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, new int[] { 3, 4, 5, 6 }));
        display(union(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, new int[] { 4, 5, 6 }));
        display(union(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }));
        display(union(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, new int[] { 3, 4 }));
        display(union(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, new int[] { 4, 5 }));
        display(union(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, new int[] { 7, 8 }));
    }

    public static int[] union(int[] array1, int[] array2) {
        // Create an array of the length equal to that of the smaller of the two array
        // parameters
        int[] intersection = new int[array1.length <= array2.length ? array1.length : array2.length];
        int count = 0;

        // Put the duplicate elements into intersection[]
        for (int i = 0; i < array1.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < array2.length; j++) {
                if (array1[i] == array2[j]) {
                    intersection[count++] = array1[i];
                }
            }
        }

        // Create int []union of the length as per the n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)
        int[] union = new int[array1.length + array2.length - count];

        // Copy array1[] minus intersection[] into union[]
        int lastIndex = copySourceOnly(array1, intersection, union, count, 0);

        // Copy array2[] minus intersection[] into union[]
        lastIndex = copySourceOnly(array2, intersection, union, count, lastIndex);

        // Copy intersection[] into union[]
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            union[lastIndex + i] = intersection[i];
        }

        return union;
    }

    static int copySourceOnly(int[] source, int[] exclude, int[] target, int count, int startWith) {
        int j, lastIndex = startWith;
        for (int i = 0; i < source.length; i++) {
            // Check if source[i] is present in intersection[]
            for (j = 0; j < count; j++) {
                if (source[i] == exclude[j]) {
                    break;
                }
            }

            // If j has reached count, it means `break;` was not executed i.e. source[i] is
            // not present in intersection[]
            if (j == count) {
                target[lastIndex++] = source[i];

            }
        }
        return lastIndex;
    }

    static void display(int arr[]) {
        System.out.print("[");
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(i < arr.length - 1 ? arr[i] + ", " : arr[i]);
        }
        System.out.println("]");
    }
}

输出:

[1, 2, 5, 6, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 5, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

即使存在仅使用数组的所有限制,您也可以大大简化代码。无需检查 sets。刚刚:

  1. 分配一个数组来存储并集的所有元素( int[] tmp_union ),最坏情况下是两个数组中的所有元素array1array2.

  2. 迭代array1的元素并将它们与tmp_union数组中的元素进行比较,只有当时才将它们添加到tmp_union数组中]他们还没有被添加到那个数组。

  3. array2.

    重复 2)

在此过程中,跟踪到目前为止添加到 tmp_union 数组的元素数量( added_so_far)。最后,将 tmp_union 数组中的元素复制到一个新数组( unionArray),并为联合元素分配 space .代码看起来像:

public static int[] union(int[] array1, int[] array2){
    int[] tmp_union = new int[array1.length + array2.length];
    int added_so_far = add_unique(array1, tmp_union, 0);
        added_so_far = add_unique(array2, tmp_union, added_so_far);
    return copyArray(tmp_union, added_so_far);
}

private static int[] copyArray(int[] ori, int size) {
    int[] dest = new int[size];
    for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
        dest[i] = ori[i];
    return dest;
}

private static int add_unique(int[] array, int[] union, int added_so_far) {
    for (int element : array)
        if (!is_present(union, added_so_far, element))
            union[added_so_far++] = element;
    return added_so_far;
}

private static boolean is_present(int[] union, int added_so_far, int element) {
    for (int z = 0; z < added_so_far; z++)
         if (element == union[z])
             return true;
    return false;
}