matplotlib mathtext 字体警告：字体 'default' 没有字形
matplotlib mathtext font warning: Font 'default' does not have a glyph
当尝试 运行 为 matplotlib.rcParams 设置非默认值的脚本（在下面的最小工作示例中给出）时，我收到 maptplotlib 警告：
$ python example.py
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
这是在 Ubuntu 20.04 上安装的 Tex Live 2020，可以从 matplotlib 和 Python 3.8.6 从源代码中找到 pyenv
$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04.1 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
$ which latex
/usr/local/texlive/2020/bin/x86_64-linux/latex
$ $(pyenv which python) --version --version
Python 3.8.6 (default, Jan 5 2021, 00:14:15)
[GCC 9.3.0]
但是，当我尝试为最小失败示例构建以下 Docker 图像时，我无法复制错误。
最小Working/Failing示例
以下Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update -y && \
apt-get install -y \
fontconfig \
fonts-dejavu \
fonts-freefont-ttf \
python3 \
python3-dev \
python3-pip \
python3-venv \
vim && \
apt-get -y autoclean && \
apt-get -y autoremove && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip setuptools wheel && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir "mplhep~=0.2.9" && \
python3 -m pip list
WORKDIR /code
COPY example.py example.py
与example.py共
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mplhep
def make_plot(title=None):
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 101)
y = np.square(x)
ax.plot(x, y)
ax.semilogy()
ax.set_xlabel("$x$")
ax.set_ylabel("$x^2$")
if title is not None:
ax.set_title(title)
return fig, ax
def main():
image_types = ["pdf", "png"]
fig, ax = make_plot("Default matplotlib settings")
for type in image_types:
fig.savefig(f"default.{type}")
mplhep.style.set_style("ATLAS")
# above is equivalent to: plt.style.use(mplhep.style.ATLAS)
fig, ax = make_plot("mplhep ATLAS style")
for type in image_types:
fig.savefig(f"ATLAS_style.{type}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
如果使用
构建
docker build . \
--pull \
-f Dockerfile \
-t matplotlib-font-question:debug-local
给予
$ docker run --rm -ti matplotlib-font-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "pip list"
Package Version
--------------- ---------
certifi 2020.12.5
chardet 4.0.0
cycler 0.10.0
idna 2.10
kiwisolver 1.3.1
matplotlib 3.3.3
mplhep 0.2.9
numpy 1.19.5
packaging 20.8
Pillow 8.1.0
pip 20.3.3
pyparsing 2.4.7
python-dateutil 2.8.1
requests 2.25.1
scipy 1.6.0
setuptools 51.1.1
six 1.15.0
urllib3 1.26.2
wheel 0.36.2
然后 运行 和
docker run --rm --user 1000:1000 -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD matplotlib-font-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "python3 /code/example.py"
与本地不同，生成的结果数字不会出现警告或错误。
如果我检查 Docker 图像（没有 LaTeX）上安装的字体库，这会让人感到困惑
$ docker run --rm matplotlib-font-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "apt list --installed | grep font"
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
fontconfig-config/now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 all [installed,local]
fontconfig/now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,local]
fonts-dejavu-core/now 2.37-1 all [installed,local]
fonts-dejavu-extra/now 2.37-1 all [installed,local]
fonts-dejavu/now 2.37-1 all [installed,local]
fonts-freefont-ttf/now 20120503-10 all [installed,local]
libfontconfig1/now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,local]
所有找到的字体库也在我的本地机器上找到
$ apt list --installed | grep font | grep "fontconfig\|dejavu"
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
fontconfig-config/focal,focal,now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 all [installed,automatic]
fontconfig/focal,now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,automatic]
fonts-dejavu-core/focal,focal,now 2.37-1 all [installed,automatic]
fonts-dejavu-extra/focal,focal,now 2.37-1 all [installed]
fonts-dejavu/focal,focal,now 2.37-1 all [installed]
libfontconfig1-dev/focal,now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libfontconfig1/focal,now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
所以我不清楚为什么当我安装了所有相同的字体以及更多字体时，以及当它们另外提供关于 matplotlib.rcParams:
的相同信息时，为什么我会在本地收到警告
Docker
$ docker run --rm -ti matplotlib-font-question:debug-local
root@2e6cff635604:/code# python3
Python 3.8.5 (default, Jul 28 2020, 12:59:40)
[GCC 9.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib
>>> import mplhep
>>> mplhep.style.set_style("ATLAS")
>>> for key, value in matplotlib.rcParams.items():
... if "mathtext" in key:
... print(key, value)
...
axes.formatter.use_mathtext False
mathtext.bf sans:bold
mathtext.cal cursive
mathtext.default rm
mathtext.fallback cm
mathtext.fallback_to_cm None
mathtext.fontset stixsans
mathtext.it sans:italic
mathtext.rm sans
mathtext.sf sans
mathtext.tt monospace
>>> for key, value in matplotlib.rcParams.items():
... if "default" in key:
... print(key, value)
...
mathtext.default rm
本地机器
$ rm ~/.cache/matplotlib/fontlist-v330.json # not a cache issue
$ python
Python 3.8.6 (default, Jan 5 2021, 00:14:15)
[GCC 9.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib
>>> import mplhep
>>> mplhep.style.set_style("ATLAS")
>>> for key, value in matplotlib.rcParams.items():
... if "mathtext" in key:
... print(key, value)
...
axes.formatter.use_mathtext False
mathtext.bf sans:bold
mathtext.cal cursive
mathtext.default rm
mathtext.fallback cm
mathtext.fallback_to_cm None
mathtext.fontset stixsans
mathtext.it sans:italic
mathtext.rm sans
mathtext.sf sans
mathtext.tt monospace
>>> for key, value in matplotlib.rcParams.items():
... if "default" in key:
... print(key, value)
...
mathtext.default rm
问题
为什么我的本地机器和 Docker 容器的结果不同？
一般来说，我将如何尝试调试它，因为这是我在调试字体问题时所知道的方法？
相关GitHub 问题
我在 Ubuntu 19.10 之前 运行 解决了这个问题（在下面链接的问题中有描述），但事情只是神奇地开始工作，我不知道我的方法是如何或为什么如果这里没有工作。
修复最终比 just the font list cache 更微妙。我在 matplotlib 缓存
中不仅有 fontlist-v330.json
$ ls -htra ~/.cache/matplotlib/
.. tex.cache fontlist-v330.json .
所以用
重建字体列表缓存
import matplotlib.font_manager
matplotlib.font_manager._rebuild()
或
rm ~/.cache/matplotlib/fontlist-v330.json
还不够。相反 the entire matplotlib cache needs to be updated，这最容易用
完成
rm ~/.cache/matplotlib/*
Why do the results differ between my local machine and the Docker container?
由于 Docker 图片没有以前的历史记录，所以它一开始就没有缓存，所以没有什么可以搞砸的。
How would I go about attempting to debug this in general, as this is about as far as I know how to get when debugging font issues?
我现在要确保在尝试执行任何其他操作之前完全清理并删除缓存。
当尝试 运行 为 matplotlib.rcParams 设置非默认值的脚本（在下面的最小工作示例中给出）时，我收到 maptplotlib 警告：
$ python example.py
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
Font 'default' does not have a glyph for '-' [U+2212], substituting with a dummy symbol.
这是在 Ubuntu 20.04 上安装的 Tex Live 2020，可以从 matplotlib 和 Python 3.8.6 从源代码中找到 pyenv
$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04.1 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
$ which latex
/usr/local/texlive/2020/bin/x86_64-linux/latex
$ $(pyenv which python) --version --version
Python 3.8.6 (default, Jan 5 2021, 00:14:15)
[GCC 9.3.0]
但是，当我尝试为最小失败示例构建以下 Docker 图像时，我无法复制错误。
最小Working/Failing示例
以下Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update -y && \
apt-get install -y \
fontconfig \
fonts-dejavu \
fonts-freefont-ttf \
python3 \
python3-dev \
python3-pip \
python3-venv \
vim && \
apt-get -y autoclean && \
apt-get -y autoremove && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip setuptools wheel && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir "mplhep~=0.2.9" && \
python3 -m pip list
WORKDIR /code
COPY example.py example.py
与example.py共
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mplhep
def make_plot(title=None):
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 101)
y = np.square(x)
ax.plot(x, y)
ax.semilogy()
ax.set_xlabel("$x$")
ax.set_ylabel("$x^2$")
if title is not None:
ax.set_title(title)
return fig, ax
def main():
image_types = ["pdf", "png"]
fig, ax = make_plot("Default matplotlib settings")
for type in image_types:
fig.savefig(f"default.{type}")
mplhep.style.set_style("ATLAS")
# above is equivalent to: plt.style.use(mplhep.style.ATLAS)
fig, ax = make_plot("mplhep ATLAS style")
for type in image_types:
fig.savefig(f"ATLAS_style.{type}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
如果使用
构建docker build . \
--pull \
-f Dockerfile \
-t matplotlib-font-question:debug-local
给予
$ docker run --rm -ti matplotlib-font-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "pip list"
Package Version
--------------- ---------
certifi 2020.12.5
chardet 4.0.0
cycler 0.10.0
idna 2.10
kiwisolver 1.3.1
matplotlib 3.3.3
mplhep 0.2.9
numpy 1.19.5
packaging 20.8
Pillow 8.1.0
pip 20.3.3
pyparsing 2.4.7
python-dateutil 2.8.1
requests 2.25.1
scipy 1.6.0
setuptools 51.1.1
six 1.15.0
urllib3 1.26.2
wheel 0.36.2
然后 运行 和
docker run --rm --user 1000:1000 -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD matplotlib-font-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "python3 /code/example.py"
与本地不同，生成的结果数字不会出现警告或错误。
如果我检查 Docker 图像（没有 LaTeX）上安装的字体库，这会让人感到困惑
$ docker run --rm matplotlib-font-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "apt list --installed | grep font"
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
fontconfig-config/now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 all [installed,local]
fontconfig/now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,local]
fonts-dejavu-core/now 2.37-1 all [installed,local]
fonts-dejavu-extra/now 2.37-1 all [installed,local]
fonts-dejavu/now 2.37-1 all [installed,local]
fonts-freefont-ttf/now 20120503-10 all [installed,local]
libfontconfig1/now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,local]
所有找到的字体库也在我的本地机器上找到
$ apt list --installed | grep font | grep "fontconfig\|dejavu"
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
fontconfig-config/focal,focal,now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 all [installed,automatic]
fontconfig/focal,now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,automatic]
fonts-dejavu-core/focal,focal,now 2.37-1 all [installed,automatic]
fonts-dejavu-extra/focal,focal,now 2.37-1 all [installed]
fonts-dejavu/focal,focal,now 2.37-1 all [installed]
libfontconfig1-dev/focal,now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libfontconfig1/focal,now 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 amd64 [installed]
所以我不清楚为什么当我安装了所有相同的字体以及更多字体时，以及当它们另外提供关于 matplotlib.rcParams:
Docker
$ docker run --rm -ti matplotlib-font-question:debug-local
root@2e6cff635604:/code# python3
Python 3.8.5 (default, Jul 28 2020, 12:59:40)
[GCC 9.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib
>>> import mplhep
>>> mplhep.style.set_style("ATLAS")
>>> for key, value in matplotlib.rcParams.items():
... if "mathtext" in key:
... print(key, value)
...
axes.formatter.use_mathtext False
mathtext.bf sans:bold
mathtext.cal cursive
mathtext.default rm
mathtext.fallback cm
mathtext.fallback_to_cm None
mathtext.fontset stixsans
mathtext.it sans:italic
mathtext.rm sans
mathtext.sf sans
mathtext.tt monospace
>>> for key, value in matplotlib.rcParams.items():
... if "default" in key:
... print(key, value)
...
mathtext.default rm
本地机器
$ rm ~/.cache/matplotlib/fontlist-v330.json # not a cache issue
$ python
Python 3.8.6 (default, Jan 5 2021, 00:14:15)
[GCC 9.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib
>>> import mplhep
>>> mplhep.style.set_style("ATLAS")
>>> for key, value in matplotlib.rcParams.items():
... if "mathtext" in key:
... print(key, value)
...
axes.formatter.use_mathtext False
mathtext.bf sans:bold
mathtext.cal cursive
mathtext.default rm
mathtext.fallback cm
mathtext.fallback_to_cm None
mathtext.fontset stixsans
mathtext.it sans:italic
mathtext.rm sans
mathtext.sf sans
mathtext.tt monospace
>>> for key, value in matplotlib.rcParams.items():
... if "default" in key:
... print(key, value)
...
mathtext.default rm
问题
为什么我的本地机器和 Docker 容器的结果不同？ 一般来说，我将如何尝试调试它，因为这是我在调试字体问题时所知道的方法？
相关GitHub 问题
我在 Ubuntu 19.10 之前 运行 解决了这个问题（在下面链接的问题中有描述），但事情只是神奇地开始工作，我不知道我的方法是如何或为什么如果这里没有工作。
修复最终比 just the font list cache 更微妙。我在 matplotlib 缓存
fontlist-v330.json
$ ls -htra ~/.cache/matplotlib/
.. tex.cache fontlist-v330.json .
所以用
重建字体列表缓存import matplotlib.font_manager
matplotlib.font_manager._rebuild()
或
rm ~/.cache/matplotlib/fontlist-v330.json
还不够。相反 the entire matplotlib cache needs to be updated，这最容易用
rm ~/.cache/matplotlib/*
Why do the results differ between my local machine and the Docker container?
由于 Docker 图片没有以前的历史记录，所以它一开始就没有缓存，所以没有什么可以搞砸的。
How would I go about attempting to debug this in general, as this is about as far as I know how to get when debugging font issues?
我现在要确保在尝试执行任何其他操作之前完全清理并删除缓存。