如何为 matplotlib 安装草书字体：未找到字体系列 ['cursive']
How to install cursive fonts for matplotlib: Font family ['cursive'] not found
当尝试 运行 在 Ubuntu 20.04 上使用 matplotlib 中的草书字体的脚本（在下面的最小工作示例中给出）时，我得到 matplotlib 警告：
findfont: Font family ['cursive'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.
这告诉我，我没有 matplotlib 想要用于 the cursive font family 的任何草书字体。
当 matplotlib 的字体管理器或 fc-list
可以找到草书字体的 none 时，这似乎在下面的最小失败示例中得到了证实
# on my local machine
$ fc-list : family | grep -i "chancery\|textile\|sand\|script\|felipa\|cursive"
URW Chancery L
Free Chancery
如何以编程方式在 Ubuntu 上查找和安装这些字体？我知道我可以在 Internet 上搜索免费版本，但是如果我想将它们放在 Docker 图像上，我该如何通过 CLI API 安装它们，例如 apt-get?
最少的失败示例
以下Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update -y && \
apt-get install -y \
fontconfig \
fonts-dejavu \
fonts-freefont-ttf \
python3 \
python3-dev \
python3-pip \
python3-venv \
vim && \
apt-get -y autoclean && \
apt-get -y autoremove && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip setuptools wheel && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir "matplotlib~=3.3" && \
python3 -m pip list && \
python3 -c "import matplotlib.pyplot" # generate font list cache
ENV MPLCONFIGDIR /tmp/.config # make writeable to non-root user
WORKDIR /code
COPY example.py example.py
和example.py共
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.font_manager
def make_plot(font_family):
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 101)
y = np.square(x)
ax.plot(x, y)
ax.semilogy()
ax.set_xlabel("$x$")
ax.set_ylabel("$x^2$")
ax.set_title(f"Default matplotlib settings for {font_family} font family")
return fig, ax
def main():
image_types = ["pdf", "png"]
for font_family in ["sans-serif", "serif", "cursive"]:
plt.rcParams.update({"font.family": font_family})
fig, ax = make_plot(font_family=font_family)
for type in image_types:
fig.savefig(f"family_{font_family}.{type}")
cursive_family = matplotlib.rcParams["font.cursive"]
print(f"\nmatplotlib cursive family: {cursive_family}")
tff_fonts = sorted(
set([font.name for font in matplotlib.font_manager.fontManager.ttflist])
)
afm_fonts = sorted(
set([font.name for font in matplotlib.font_manager.fontManager.afmlist])
)
all_fonts = sorted(set([*tff_fonts, *afm_fonts]))
print(f"\ntff fonts: {tff_fonts}")
print(f"\nafm fonts: {afm_fonts}")
print(f"\nall fonts: {all_fonts}")
found_cursive_fonts = [font for font in cursive_family if font in all_fonts]
print(f"\nfound cursive fonts: {found_cursive_fonts}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
如果使用
构建
docker build . \
--pull \
-f Dockerfile \
-t matplotlib-cursive-fonts-question:debug-local
然后 运行 和
$ docker run --rm --user 1000:1000 -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD matplotlib-cursive-fonts-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "python3 /code/example.py"
findfont: Font family ['cursive'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.
findfont: Font family ['cursive'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.
matplotlib cursive family: ['Apple Chancery', 'Textile', 'Zapf Chancery', 'Sand', 'Script MT', 'Felipa', 'cursive']
tff fonts: ['DejaVu Math TeX Gyre', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Display', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'DejaVu Serif', 'DejaVu Serif Display', 'FreeMono', 'FreeSans', 'FreeSerif', 'STIXGeneral', 'STIXNonUnicode', 'STIXSizeFiveSym', 'STIXSizeFourSym', 'STIXSizeOneSym', 'STIXSizeThreeSym', 'STIXSizeTwoSym', 'cmb10', 'cmex10', 'cmmi10', 'cmr10', 'cmss10', 'cmsy10', 'cmtt10']
afm fonts: ['Computer Modern', 'Courier', 'Helvetica', 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic', 'ITC Bookman', 'ITC Zapf Chancery', 'ITC Zapf Dingbats', 'New Century Schoolbook', 'Palatino', 'Symbol', 'Times', 'Utopia', 'ZapfDingbats']
all fonts: ['Computer Modern', 'Courier', 'DejaVu Math TeX Gyre', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Display', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'DejaVu Serif', 'DejaVu Serif Display', 'FreeMono', 'FreeSans', 'FreeSerif', 'Helvetica', 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic', 'ITC Bookman', 'ITC Zapf Chancery', 'ITC Zapf Dingbats', 'New Century Schoolbook', 'Palatino', 'STIXGeneral', 'STIXNonUnicode', 'STIXSizeFiveSym', 'STIXSizeFourSym', 'STIXSizeOneSym', 'STIXSizeThreeSym', 'STIXSizeTwoSym', 'Symbol', 'Times', 'Utopia', 'ZapfDingbats', 'cmb10', 'cmex10', 'cmmi10', 'cmr10', 'cmss10', 'cmsy10', 'cmtt10']
found cursive fonts: []
和
docker run --rm --user 1000:1000 -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD matplotlib-cursive-fonts-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "fc-list : family | grep -i 'chancery\|textile\|sand\|script\|felipa\|cursive'"
returns 没什么。
问题
如何以编程方式查找并安装 matplotlib（在 Ubuntu 20.04 上）所需的草书字体？
相关链接
似乎没有明确的方法可以从任何 Ubuntu PPA 获取这些字体，可以做的是直接下载 Felipa, one of the cursive font family fonts, from Google Fonts. This is what the maptlotlib team does in the mpl-docker testing Docker image.
所以对于我本地机器上的程序化解决方案，我能做的只是
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/fonts/truetype/felipa
wget --no-clobber https://github.com/google/fonts/blob/master/ofl/felipa/Felipa-Regular.ttf?raw=true -O ~/.local/share/fonts/truetype/felipa/Felipa-Regular.ttf
fc-cache --force --verbose # rebuild font cache for system
rm -rf ~/.cache/matplotlib/* # remove the matplotlib cache to force rebuild
虽然这不是必需的，但我还创建了一个符号链接，指向我的其余字体用于簿记的位置
sudo ln -s "${HOME}/.local/share/fonts/truetype/felipa" /usr/share/fonts/truetype/felipa
当然，虽然这是程序化的，但如果您在本地计算机上并且具有交互功能，可能 better/easier 只需访问 the Google Fonts page for Felipa, download the font family zip file locally and extract it, and then open the Felipa-Regular.ttf with the Ubuntu font manager 并让它为您安装。
为了给出此工作的可重现示例，我将原始 Docker 文件编辑为 wget Felipa，如上所述，然后还创建了一个非根用户“docker “默认情况下将容器 运行 作为非 root 用户，并避免在 运行 和 --user 1000:1000 时拥有 HOME-less 用户的问题。有一些方法可以使这个 Docker 文件更紧凑，但我将在这个例子中通过大小优化提高可读性。
FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update -y && \
apt-get install -y \
fontconfig \
fonts-dejavu \
fonts-freefont-ttf \
python3 \
python3-dev \
python3-pip \
python3-venv \
vim \
wget && \
apt-get -y autoclean && \
apt-get -y autoremove && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip setuptools wheel && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir "matplotlib~=3.3" && \
python3 -m pip list
# Create user "docker"
RUN useradd -m docker && \
cp /root/.bashrc /home/docker/
ENV HOME /home/docker
# felipa provides a cursive font
RUN mkdir -p "${HOME}/.local/share/fonts/truetype/felipa" && \
wget --no-clobber "https://github.com/google/fonts/blob/master/ofl/felipa/Felipa-Regular.ttf?raw=true" -O "${HOME}/.local/share/fonts/truetype/felipa/Felipa-Regular.ttf" && \
ln -s "${HOME}/.local/share/fonts/truetype/felipa" /usr/share/fonts/truetype/felipa && \
fc-cache --force --verbose
WORKDIR /code
COPY example.py example.py
# give non-root user docker ownership of files
RUN chown -R --from=root docker /home/docker && \
chown -R --from=root docker /code
USER docker
# Create font list cache and config dir
RUN python3 -c "import matplotlib.pyplot"
像以前一样重建此 Docker 图像，然后允许以下操作 运行 而不会出现警告或错误
$ docker run --rm -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD matplotlib-cursive-fonts-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "python3 /code/example.py"
matplotlib cursive family: ['Apple Chancery', 'Textile', 'Zapf Chancery', 'Sand', 'Script MT', 'Felipa', 'cursive']
tff fonts: ['DejaVu Math TeX Gyre', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Display', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'DejaVu Serif', 'DejaVu Serif Display', 'Felipa', 'FreeMono', 'FreeSans', 'FreeSerif', 'STIXGeneral', 'STIXNonUnicode', 'STIXSizeFiveSym', 'STIXSizeFourSym', 'STIXSizeOneSym', 'STIXSizeThreeSym', 'STIXSizeTwoSym', 'cmb10', 'cmex10', 'cmmi10', 'cmr10', 'cmss10', 'cmsy10', 'cmtt10']
afm fonts: ['Computer Modern', 'Courier', 'Helvetica', 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic', 'ITC Bookman', 'ITC Zapf Chancery', 'ITC Zapf Dingbats', 'New Century Schoolbook', 'Palatino', 'Symbol', 'Times', 'Utopia', 'ZapfDingbats']
all fonts: ['Computer Modern', 'Courier', 'DejaVu Math TeX Gyre', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Display', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'DejaVu Serif', 'DejaVu Serif Display', 'Felipa', 'FreeMono', 'FreeSans', 'FreeSerif', 'Helvetica', 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic', 'ITC Bookman', 'ITC Zapf Chancery', 'ITC Zapf Dingbats', 'New Century Schoolbook', 'Palatino', 'STIXGeneral', 'STIXNonUnicode', 'STIXSizeFiveSym', 'STIXSizeFourSym', 'STIXSizeOneSym', 'STIXSizeThreeSym', 'STIXSizeTwoSym', 'Symbol', 'Times', 'Utopia', 'ZapfDingbats', 'cmb10', 'cmex10', 'cmmi10', 'cmr10', 'cmss10', 'cmsy10', 'cmtt10']
found cursive fonts: ['Felipa']
为 family_cursive.png 制作此图：
当尝试 运行 在 Ubuntu 20.04 上使用 matplotlib 中的草书字体的脚本（在下面的最小工作示例中给出）时，我得到 matplotlib 警告：
findfont: Font family ['cursive'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.
这告诉我，我没有 matplotlib 想要用于 the cursive font family 的任何草书字体。
当 matplotlib 的字体管理器或 fc-list
# on my local machine
$ fc-list : family | grep -i "chancery\|textile\|sand\|script\|felipa\|cursive"
URW Chancery L
Free Chancery
如何以编程方式在 Ubuntu 上查找和安装这些字体？我知道我可以在 Internet 上搜索免费版本，但是如果我想将它们放在 Docker 图像上，我该如何通过 CLI API 安装它们，例如 apt-get?
最少的失败示例
以下Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update -y && \
apt-get install -y \
fontconfig \
fonts-dejavu \
fonts-freefont-ttf \
python3 \
python3-dev \
python3-pip \
python3-venv \
vim && \
apt-get -y autoclean && \
apt-get -y autoremove && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip setuptools wheel && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir "matplotlib~=3.3" && \
python3 -m pip list && \
python3 -c "import matplotlib.pyplot" # generate font list cache
ENV MPLCONFIGDIR /tmp/.config # make writeable to non-root user
WORKDIR /code
COPY example.py example.py
和example.py共
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.font_manager
def make_plot(font_family):
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 101)
y = np.square(x)
ax.plot(x, y)
ax.semilogy()
ax.set_xlabel("$x$")
ax.set_ylabel("$x^2$")
ax.set_title(f"Default matplotlib settings for {font_family} font family")
return fig, ax
def main():
image_types = ["pdf", "png"]
for font_family in ["sans-serif", "serif", "cursive"]:
plt.rcParams.update({"font.family": font_family})
fig, ax = make_plot(font_family=font_family)
for type in image_types:
fig.savefig(f"family_{font_family}.{type}")
cursive_family = matplotlib.rcParams["font.cursive"]
print(f"\nmatplotlib cursive family: {cursive_family}")
tff_fonts = sorted(
set([font.name for font in matplotlib.font_manager.fontManager.ttflist])
)
afm_fonts = sorted(
set([font.name for font in matplotlib.font_manager.fontManager.afmlist])
)
all_fonts = sorted(set([*tff_fonts, *afm_fonts]))
print(f"\ntff fonts: {tff_fonts}")
print(f"\nafm fonts: {afm_fonts}")
print(f"\nall fonts: {all_fonts}")
found_cursive_fonts = [font for font in cursive_family if font in all_fonts]
print(f"\nfound cursive fonts: {found_cursive_fonts}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
如果使用
构建docker build . \
--pull \
-f Dockerfile \
-t matplotlib-cursive-fonts-question:debug-local
然后 运行 和
$ docker run --rm --user 1000:1000 -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD matplotlib-cursive-fonts-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "python3 /code/example.py"
findfont: Font family ['cursive'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.
findfont: Font family ['cursive'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.
matplotlib cursive family: ['Apple Chancery', 'Textile', 'Zapf Chancery', 'Sand', 'Script MT', 'Felipa', 'cursive']
tff fonts: ['DejaVu Math TeX Gyre', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Display', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'DejaVu Serif', 'DejaVu Serif Display', 'FreeMono', 'FreeSans', 'FreeSerif', 'STIXGeneral', 'STIXNonUnicode', 'STIXSizeFiveSym', 'STIXSizeFourSym', 'STIXSizeOneSym', 'STIXSizeThreeSym', 'STIXSizeTwoSym', 'cmb10', 'cmex10', 'cmmi10', 'cmr10', 'cmss10', 'cmsy10', 'cmtt10']
afm fonts: ['Computer Modern', 'Courier', 'Helvetica', 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic', 'ITC Bookman', 'ITC Zapf Chancery', 'ITC Zapf Dingbats', 'New Century Schoolbook', 'Palatino', 'Symbol', 'Times', 'Utopia', 'ZapfDingbats']
all fonts: ['Computer Modern', 'Courier', 'DejaVu Math TeX Gyre', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Display', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'DejaVu Serif', 'DejaVu Serif Display', 'FreeMono', 'FreeSans', 'FreeSerif', 'Helvetica', 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic', 'ITC Bookman', 'ITC Zapf Chancery', 'ITC Zapf Dingbats', 'New Century Schoolbook', 'Palatino', 'STIXGeneral', 'STIXNonUnicode', 'STIXSizeFiveSym', 'STIXSizeFourSym', 'STIXSizeOneSym', 'STIXSizeThreeSym', 'STIXSizeTwoSym', 'Symbol', 'Times', 'Utopia', 'ZapfDingbats', 'cmb10', 'cmex10', 'cmmi10', 'cmr10', 'cmss10', 'cmsy10', 'cmtt10']
found cursive fonts: []
和
docker run --rm --user 1000:1000 -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD matplotlib-cursive-fonts-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "fc-list : family | grep -i 'chancery\|textile\|sand\|script\|felipa\|cursive'"
returns 没什么。
问题
如何以编程方式查找并安装 matplotlib（在 Ubuntu 20.04 上）所需的草书字体？
相关链接
似乎没有明确的方法可以从任何 Ubuntu PPA 获取这些字体，可以做的是直接下载 Felipa, one of the cursive font family fonts, from Google Fonts. This is what the maptlotlib team does in the mpl-docker testing Docker image.
所以对于我本地机器上的程序化解决方案，我能做的只是
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/fonts/truetype/felipa
wget --no-clobber https://github.com/google/fonts/blob/master/ofl/felipa/Felipa-Regular.ttf?raw=true -O ~/.local/share/fonts/truetype/felipa/Felipa-Regular.ttf
fc-cache --force --verbose # rebuild font cache for system
rm -rf ~/.cache/matplotlib/* # remove the matplotlib cache to force rebuild
虽然这不是必需的，但我还创建了一个符号链接，指向我的其余字体用于簿记的位置
sudo ln -s "${HOME}/.local/share/fonts/truetype/felipa" /usr/share/fonts/truetype/felipa
当然，虽然这是程序化的，但如果您在本地计算机上并且具有交互功能，可能 better/easier 只需访问 the Google Fonts page for Felipa, download the font family zip file locally and extract it, and then open the Felipa-Regular.ttf with the Ubuntu font manager 并让它为您安装。
为了给出此工作的可重现示例，我将原始 Docker 文件编辑为 wget Felipa，如上所述，然后还创建了一个非根用户“docker “默认情况下将容器 运行 作为非 root 用户，并避免在 运行 和 --user 1000:1000 时拥有 HOME-less 用户的问题。有一些方法可以使这个 Docker 文件更紧凑，但我将在这个例子中通过大小优化提高可读性。
FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update -y && \
apt-get install -y \
fontconfig \
fonts-dejavu \
fonts-freefont-ttf \
python3 \
python3-dev \
python3-pip \
python3-venv \
vim \
wget && \
apt-get -y autoclean && \
apt-get -y autoremove && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip setuptools wheel && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir "matplotlib~=3.3" && \
python3 -m pip list
# Create user "docker"
RUN useradd -m docker && \
cp /root/.bashrc /home/docker/
ENV HOME /home/docker
# felipa provides a cursive font
RUN mkdir -p "${HOME}/.local/share/fonts/truetype/felipa" && \
wget --no-clobber "https://github.com/google/fonts/blob/master/ofl/felipa/Felipa-Regular.ttf?raw=true" -O "${HOME}/.local/share/fonts/truetype/felipa/Felipa-Regular.ttf" && \
ln -s "${HOME}/.local/share/fonts/truetype/felipa" /usr/share/fonts/truetype/felipa && \
fc-cache --force --verbose
WORKDIR /code
COPY example.py example.py
# give non-root user docker ownership of files
RUN chown -R --from=root docker /home/docker && \
chown -R --from=root docker /code
USER docker
# Create font list cache and config dir
RUN python3 -c "import matplotlib.pyplot"
像以前一样重建此 Docker 图像，然后允许以下操作 运行 而不会出现警告或错误
$ docker run --rm -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD matplotlib-cursive-fonts-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "python3 /code/example.py"
matplotlib cursive family: ['Apple Chancery', 'Textile', 'Zapf Chancery', 'Sand', 'Script MT', 'Felipa', 'cursive']
tff fonts: ['DejaVu Math TeX Gyre', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Display', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'DejaVu Serif', 'DejaVu Serif Display', 'Felipa', 'FreeMono', 'FreeSans', 'FreeSerif', 'STIXGeneral', 'STIXNonUnicode', 'STIXSizeFiveSym', 'STIXSizeFourSym', 'STIXSizeOneSym', 'STIXSizeThreeSym', 'STIXSizeTwoSym', 'cmb10', 'cmex10', 'cmmi10', 'cmr10', 'cmss10', 'cmsy10', 'cmtt10']
afm fonts: ['Computer Modern', 'Courier', 'Helvetica', 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic', 'ITC Bookman', 'ITC Zapf Chancery', 'ITC Zapf Dingbats', 'New Century Schoolbook', 'Palatino', 'Symbol', 'Times', 'Utopia', 'ZapfDingbats']
all fonts: ['Computer Modern', 'Courier', 'DejaVu Math TeX Gyre', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Display', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'DejaVu Serif', 'DejaVu Serif Display', 'Felipa', 'FreeMono', 'FreeSans', 'FreeSerif', 'Helvetica', 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic', 'ITC Bookman', 'ITC Zapf Chancery', 'ITC Zapf Dingbats', 'New Century Schoolbook', 'Palatino', 'STIXGeneral', 'STIXNonUnicode', 'STIXSizeFiveSym', 'STIXSizeFourSym', 'STIXSizeOneSym', 'STIXSizeThreeSym', 'STIXSizeTwoSym', 'Symbol', 'Times', 'Utopia', 'ZapfDingbats', 'cmb10', 'cmex10', 'cmmi10', 'cmr10', 'cmss10', 'cmsy10', 'cmtt10']
found cursive fonts: ['Felipa']
为 family_cursive.png 制作此图：