如何从字典中添加按钮，但前提是字典声明它已启用？
How to add buttons from a dictionary but only if the dictionary states it's enabled?
我正在使用 Raspberry Pi 构建饮料机并使用 Kivy 构建 UI。
如果“启用”了每种所需成分的泵，我只想在主屏幕上显示可用的饮料。如果将制作饮料所需的任何成分分配给未启用的泵，那么我不希望创建该饮料的按钮。简而言之，只应显示具有所有必需成分“已启用：True”的饮料。作为 python 和 kivy 的新手，我找不到办法做到这一点。这是我目前所拥有的...
main.py:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.config import Config
from kivy.clock import *
Config.set('graphics', 'width', '480')
Config.set('graphics', 'height', '800')
Config.set('kivy', 'keyboard_mode', 'dock')
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import *
from kivy.uix.button import *
from kivy.uix.label import *
from kivy.clock import *
pinList = [11, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 36, 32, 26, 24]
drink_list = {'Rum & Pepsi': {'ingredients': {'Rum': 50, 'Pepsi': 100}},
'Cherry Pepsi': {'ingredients': {'Cherry syrup': 40, 'Pepsi': 150}},
'Lemon Pepsi': {'ingredients': {'Lemon Syrup': 10, 'Pepsi': 113}}}
test_list = {
'Pump 1': {'Pin': [11], 'Ingredient': ['Pepsi'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 2': {'Pin': [13], 'Ingredient': ['Rum'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 3': {'Pin': [15], 'Ingredient': ['Cherry syrup'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 4': {'Pin': [19], 'Ingredient': ['Lemon syrup'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 5': {'Pin': [21], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 6': {'Pin': [23], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 7': {'Pin': [29], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 8': {'Pin': [31], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 9': {'Pin': [33], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 10': {'Pin': [35], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 11': {'Pin': [37], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 12': {'Pin': [38], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 13': {'Pin': [36], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 14': {'Pin': [32], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 15': {'Pin': [26], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 16': {'Pin': [24], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]}
}
class HomeScreen(Screen):
@mainthread
def on_enter(self):
# add drink buttons (only if needed pumps are enabled)
for drink in drink_list:
ingredients_needed = [*(drink_list[drink]['ingredients'])]
for x in ingredients_needed:
for pump in test_list.keys():
if x in test_list[pump]['Ingredient'] and test_list[pump]['Enabled'] == [True]:
print('yes')
button = Button(text=drink, size_hint=(None, None))
self.ids.grid1.add_widget(button)
else:
pass
# add settings button
button = Button(text='Settings Page', size_hint=(None, None))
button.bind(on_press=self.go_first_screen)
self.ids.grid1.add_widget(button)
def go_first_screen(self, event):
self.manager.current = 'settings_screen'
class SettingsScreen(Screen):
@mainthread
def on_enter(self):
# Drink Manager Tab
for drink in drink_list:
drink_buttons = Button(text=str(drink), size_hint=(None, None))
self.ids.grid.add_widget(drink_buttons)
btn = Button(text='Change Screen', size_hint=(None, None))
self.ids.grid.add_widget(btn)
# Pump Assignment Tab
for pump in test_list:
pump_buttons = Button(text=str(pump) + ' - \n ' + str(*test_list[pump]['Ingredient']), size_hint=(None, None))
self.ids.pump_grid.add_widget(pump_buttons)
def on_leave(self, *args):
self.ids.grid.clear_widgets()
class Test(App):
pass
Test().run()
test.kv...
#:kivy 1.9.0
ScreenManager:
HomeScreen:
SettingsScreen:
<HomeScreen>:
name: 'home_screen'
StackLayout:
id: grid1
orientation: 'lr-tb'
padding: 10
spacing: 5
<SettingsScreen>:
name: 'settings_screen'
TabbedPanel:
do_default_tab: False
tab_pos: 'top_mid'
tab_height: 70
tab_width: self.width/3
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 1, 1, 1, 1
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
TabbedPanelItem:
text: 'Drink Manager'
StackLayout:
id: grid
orientation: 'lr-tb'
padding: 10
spacing: 10
TabbedPanelItem:
text: 'Pump Assignment'
StackLayout:
id: pump_grid
orientation: 'lr-tb'
padding: 15
spacing: 15
目前它正在为每种饮料创建 2 个按钮（出于某种原因，柠檬除外？）我只需要为每种饮料创建 1 个按钮：
为什么您当前会收到重复的按钮
我在应该创建按钮的地方添加了一个 print 语句，执行代码并看到以下结果：
drink=Rum & Pepsi, x=Rum, pump=Pump 2
drink=Rum & Pepsi, x=Pepsi, pump=Pump 1
drink=Cherry Pepsi, x=Cherry syrup, pump=Pump 3
drink=Cherry Pepsi, x=Pepsi, pump=Pump 1
drink=Lemon Pepsi, x=Lemon Syrup, pump=[no pump]
drink=Lemon Pepsi, x=Pepsi, pump=Pump 1
这表明您正在为饮料中的每种成分创建按钮。此外，对于柠檬百事可乐，您找不到“柠檬糖浆”泵，因为 drink_list Syrup 是大写的。
如何修复
例如像这样：
class HomeScreen(Screen):
@mainthread
def on_enter(self):
# either define this function here, or at module level,
# or as a @staticmethod in this class
def _get_pump_by_ingredient(ingredient):
for name, pump in test_list.items():
if pump["Ingredient"] == [ingredient]:
return pump
for drink in drink_list:
ingredients_needed = [*(drink_list[drink]['ingredients'])]
if all(_get_pump_by_ingredient(item)["Enabled"] == [True]
for item
in ingredients_needed):
print('yes')
button = Button(text=drink, size_hint=(None, None))
self.ids.grid1.add_widget(button)
# add settings button
...
请注意，如果找不到泵（例如“柠檬糖浆”），上述代码将抛出异常，但这可能是件好事。
更多反馈
- 创建一个
Pump class 可能有意义，因为 dict 在这种复杂程度下很尴尬
- 你把很多东西放到单元素列表中有点奇怪（
'Pumptime': [0.15] 而不仅仅是 'Pumptime': 0.15）
我正在使用 Raspberry Pi 构建饮料机并使用 Kivy 构建 UI。 如果“启用”了每种所需成分的泵，我只想在主屏幕上显示可用的饮料。如果将制作饮料所需的任何成分分配给未启用的泵，那么我不希望创建该饮料的按钮。简而言之，只应显示具有所有必需成分“已启用：True”的饮料。作为 python 和 kivy 的新手，我找不到办法做到这一点。这是我目前所拥有的...
main.py:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.config import Config
from kivy.clock import *
Config.set('graphics', 'width', '480')
Config.set('graphics', 'height', '800')
Config.set('kivy', 'keyboard_mode', 'dock')
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import *
from kivy.uix.button import *
from kivy.uix.label import *
from kivy.clock import *
pinList = [11, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 36, 32, 26, 24]
drink_list = {'Rum & Pepsi': {'ingredients': {'Rum': 50, 'Pepsi': 100}},
'Cherry Pepsi': {'ingredients': {'Cherry syrup': 40, 'Pepsi': 150}},
'Lemon Pepsi': {'ingredients': {'Lemon Syrup': 10, 'Pepsi': 113}}}
test_list = {
'Pump 1': {'Pin': [11], 'Ingredient': ['Pepsi'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 2': {'Pin': [13], 'Ingredient': ['Rum'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 3': {'Pin': [15], 'Ingredient': ['Cherry syrup'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 4': {'Pin': [19], 'Ingredient': ['Lemon syrup'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 5': {'Pin': [21], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 6': {'Pin': [23], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 7': {'Pin': [29], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 8': {'Pin': [31], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 9': {'Pin': [33], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 10': {'Pin': [35], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 11': {'Pin': [37], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 12': {'Pin': [38], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 13': {'Pin': [36], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 14': {'Pin': [32], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 15': {'Pin': [26], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]},
'Pump 16': {'Pin': [24], 'Ingredient': ['Unused'], 'Pumptime': [0.15], 'Enabled': [True]}
}
class HomeScreen(Screen):
@mainthread
def on_enter(self):
# add drink buttons (only if needed pumps are enabled)
for drink in drink_list:
ingredients_needed = [*(drink_list[drink]['ingredients'])]
for x in ingredients_needed:
for pump in test_list.keys():
if x in test_list[pump]['Ingredient'] and test_list[pump]['Enabled'] == [True]:
print('yes')
button = Button(text=drink, size_hint=(None, None))
self.ids.grid1.add_widget(button)
else:
pass
# add settings button
button = Button(text='Settings Page', size_hint=(None, None))
button.bind(on_press=self.go_first_screen)
self.ids.grid1.add_widget(button)
def go_first_screen(self, event):
self.manager.current = 'settings_screen'
class SettingsScreen(Screen):
@mainthread
def on_enter(self):
# Drink Manager Tab
for drink in drink_list:
drink_buttons = Button(text=str(drink), size_hint=(None, None))
self.ids.grid.add_widget(drink_buttons)
btn = Button(text='Change Screen', size_hint=(None, None))
self.ids.grid.add_widget(btn)
# Pump Assignment Tab
for pump in test_list:
pump_buttons = Button(text=str(pump) + ' - \n ' + str(*test_list[pump]['Ingredient']), size_hint=(None, None))
self.ids.pump_grid.add_widget(pump_buttons)
def on_leave(self, *args):
self.ids.grid.clear_widgets()
class Test(App):
pass
Test().run()
test.kv...
#:kivy 1.9.0
ScreenManager:
HomeScreen:
SettingsScreen:
<HomeScreen>:
name: 'home_screen'
StackLayout:
id: grid1
orientation: 'lr-tb'
padding: 10
spacing: 5
<SettingsScreen>:
name: 'settings_screen'
TabbedPanel:
do_default_tab: False
tab_pos: 'top_mid'
tab_height: 70
tab_width: self.width/3
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 1, 1, 1, 1
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
TabbedPanelItem:
text: 'Drink Manager'
StackLayout:
id: grid
orientation: 'lr-tb'
padding: 10
spacing: 10
TabbedPanelItem:
text: 'Pump Assignment'
StackLayout:
id: pump_grid
orientation: 'lr-tb'
padding: 15
spacing: 15
目前它正在为每种饮料创建 2 个按钮（出于某种原因，柠檬除外？）我只需要为每种饮料创建 1 个按钮：
为什么您当前会收到重复的按钮
我在应该创建按钮的地方添加了一个 print 语句，执行代码并看到以下结果：
drink=Rum & Pepsi, x=Rum, pump=Pump 2
drink=Rum & Pepsi, x=Pepsi, pump=Pump 1
drink=Cherry Pepsi, x=Cherry syrup, pump=Pump 3
drink=Cherry Pepsi, x=Pepsi, pump=Pump 1
drink=Lemon Pepsi, x=Lemon Syrup, pump=[no pump]
drink=Lemon Pepsi, x=Pepsi, pump=Pump 1
这表明您正在为饮料中的每种成分创建按钮。此外，对于柠檬百事可乐，您找不到“柠檬糖浆”泵，因为 drink_list Syrup 是大写的。
如何修复
例如像这样：
class HomeScreen(Screen):
@mainthread
def on_enter(self):
# either define this function here, or at module level,
# or as a @staticmethod in this class
def _get_pump_by_ingredient(ingredient):
for name, pump in test_list.items():
if pump["Ingredient"] == [ingredient]:
return pump
for drink in drink_list:
ingredients_needed = [*(drink_list[drink]['ingredients'])]
if all(_get_pump_by_ingredient(item)["Enabled"] == [True]
for item
in ingredients_needed):
print('yes')
button = Button(text=drink, size_hint=(None, None))
self.ids.grid1.add_widget(button)
# add settings button
...
请注意，如果找不到泵（例如“柠檬糖浆”），上述代码将抛出异常，但这可能是件好事。
更多反馈
- 创建一个
Pumpclass 可能有意义，因为dict在这种复杂程度下很尴尬 - 你把很多东西放到单元素列表中有点奇怪（
'Pumptime': [0.15]而不仅仅是'Pumptime': 0.15）