Django python -- ** 之后的 filter() 参数必须是一个映射，而不是 str

Question

我正在尝试在 forms.py 中动态创建查询。我将它存储为一个字符串，然后尝试过滤并 return 它，但我收到错误...

filter() argument after ** must be a mapping, not str

这是怎么回事？显然它不喜欢它。它应该是不同的数据类型吗？

forms.py

from django import forms
from django.db.models import Q

from .models import Incident
from .models import Equipment


class IncidentForm(forms.Form):
    incident_id = forms.IntegerField(required=False)
    equipment_id = forms.ModelChoiceField(Equipment.objects.all(), required=False, widget=forms.TextInput)

    def search(self):

        # cleaning the data
        cust_id = self.cleaned_data.get('incident_id')
        equip_id = self.cleaned_data.get('equipment_id')

        user_input = [cust_id, equip_id]

        # finding blank fields
        i = 0
        lst=[]
        for x in user_input:
            if x != None:
                lst.append(i)
            i += 1

        # setting up query with non blank data
        query = ""
        for x in lst:
            if x == 0:
                query += 'Q(id=cust_id)'
            if x == 1:
                query += 'Q(equipment_id=equip_id)'

        # replace all instances of ')' with ') & '. Also removed the last &
        new_query = query.replace(")", ") & ")
        new_query = new_query[:-3]

        print (new_query)

        return Incident.objects.filter(**new_query)

Answer 1

因为filter没有将字符串作为过滤器。相反，您应该将 Q 对象或关键字过滤器（如 django 文档中所示）传递给它。在您的情况下，您可以即时创建最终查询：

query = Q()
for x in lst:
    if x == 0:
        query &= Q(id=cust_id)
    if x == 1:
        query &= Q(equipment_id=equip_id)

print (query)
return Incident.objects.filter(query)

&= 运算符创建新的 Q 对象，代表 AND 的左手边和右手边，原地。

Answer 2

Q 对象是实际对象。它们不是您用字符串编写的迷你语言。你应该使用：

query = Q()

for x in lst:
    if x == 0:
        query &= Q(id=cust_id)
    if x == 1:
        query &= Q(equipment_id=equip_id)

return Incident.objects.filter(query)

不过，这看起来像是一种过度设计的方法来实现您想要做的事情。怎么样：

def search(self):
    cust_id = self.cleaned_data.get('incident_id')
    equip_id = self.cleaned_data.get('equipment_id')

    qs = Incident.objects.all()
    if cust_id is not None:
        qs = qs.filter(id=cust_id)
    if equip_ip is not None:
        qs = qs.filter(equipement_id=equip_id)

    return qs

Django python -- ** 之后的 filter() 参数必须是一个映射，而不是 str

Django python -- filter() argument after ** must be a mapping, not str

python

django

django-forms