ASP.NET Core 5.0 JWT 身份验证总是抛出 HTTP 401 代码

ASP.NET Core 5.0 JWT authentication is always throws HTTP 401 code

我想在 ASP.NET Core 中实现 JWT-based 安全性。现在我想让它做的就是读取按钮 @Html.ActionLink("Test","Oper","Home") 中的令牌,授权 header 并根据我的标准验证它们。我不知道错过了什么,但它总是返回 HTTP 401 代码。

文件HomeController.cs

        private string GenerateJSONWebToken(UserPaul userinfo)
        {
            var securityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_config["Jwt:Key"]));
            var credentials = new SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
            var claims = new[]
            {
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub,userinfo.Username),
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Email,userinfo.Email),
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti,Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
            };
            var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
                issuer: _config["Jwt:Issuer"],
                audience: _config["Jwt:Issuer"],
                claims,
                expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(10),
                signingCredentials: credentials
                );
            var encodetoken = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);
            var cookieOptions = new CookieOptions();         
            cookieOptions.HttpOnly = true;
            cookieOptions.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(1);
            //cookieOptions.Domain = Request.Host.Value;
            cookieOptions.Path = "/";
            Response.Cookies.Append("jwt", encodetoken, cookieOptions);
            return encodetoken;
        }
        [HttpPost]
        public IActionResult Login()
        {
            string AccountNumber="TestUser";
            JWTtokenMVC.Models.TestContext userQuery = new JWTtokenMVC.Models.TestContext();
            var query = userQuery.Testxxxx.Where(N => N.UserId ==AccountNumber).FirstOrDefault();
            IActionResult response = Unauthorized();
            if (query != null)
            {
                var tokenStr = GenerateJSONWebToken(query);
                response = Ok(new { token = tokenStr });
            }
            return response;
        }

        [Authorize]
        [HttpGet("Home/Oper")]
        public IActionResult Oper()
        {
            var authenticationCookieName = "jwt";
            var cookie = HttpContext.Request.Cookies[authenticationCookieName];
            List<Test_SHOW> sHOWs = new List<Test_SHOW>();
            JWTtokenMVC.Models.Test.TestContext userQuery= new JWTtokenMVC.Models.Test.TestContext();
            var query = userQuery.Test.Select(T => new Test_SHOW
            {number= T.number,name= T.name,mail= T.mail}).OrderBy(o => o.Iid);
            sHOWs.AddRange(query);

            return View("Views/Home/Oper.cshtml", sHOWs);
 
        }

这是Startup.cs代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders;
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;

namespace JWTtokenMVC
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddControllersWithViews();
            services.AddCors(options =>
            {
                options.AddPolicy("CorsPolicy", builder => builder.AllowAnyOrigin().AllowAnyMethod().AllowAnyHeader().AllowCredentials().Build());
            });

            services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
            .AddJwtBearer(options =>
            {
                options.IncludeErrorDetails = true;
                options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                {

NameClaimType ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/name",
                   
RoleClaimType = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role",
                    ValidateIssuer = true,
                    ValidateAudience = false,
                    ValidateLifetime = true,
                    ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
                    ValidIssuer = Configuration["Jwt:Issuer"],
                    ValidAudience = Configuration["Jwt:Issuer"],
                    IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration["Jwt:Key"])

                    )
                };

            });
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
                // The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts.
                app.UseHsts();
            }
            app.UseHttpsRedirection();
            app.UseStaticFiles();
            app.UseStaticFiles(new StaticFileOptions
            {
                FileProvider = new PhysicalFileProvider(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "node_modules")),
                RequestPath = "/" + "node_modules"
            });
            app.UseCookiePolicy();

            app.UseRouting();
            app.UseAuthentication();

            app.UseAuthorization();

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                    name: "default",
                    pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            });
        }
    }
}

Startup.cs 图片

Startup.cs 添加 UseAuthentication

所以我假设您正在尝试 asp.net 核心与 angular project.I 认为您错过了将客户端 URL 添加到您的 .net 核心项目。 AddCors对 IServiceCollection 的扩展调用仅注册所有必需的服务,但它不会将 Cors 中间件添加到 HTTP 请求 pipeline.So 添加此代码 app.UseCors(x => x.AllowAnyHeader().AllowAnyMethod().WithOrigins("https://localhost:4200")); 在您的配置中 method.i 认为它是解决您的问题。


 public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                //clarify code
              
            }
            else{  

               //clarify code    

            }
            

            app.UseHttpsRedirection();

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseCors(x => 
  x.AllowAnyHeader().AllowAnyMethod().WithOrigins("https://localhost:4200")); //your  client side URL.you are missing this unfortunately

            app.UseAuthentication();

            app.UseAuthorization();

           //clarify code
        }

更新

安装Microsoft.AspNetCore.Cors

只需删除 AllowCredentials() 即可解决您的问题。

@Patriom Sarkar 的回答解决了您的 CORS issues/Error

关于您的 401 未经授权的响应

这些可能与 CORS 无关。

您在这里遇到的问题是您已将 JwtBearer JSON Web 令牌配置为出现在对 Authorize 端点的请求中。默认情况下,它将使用您的授权请求中存在的 Bearer 令牌 header.

这意味着,为了 navigate/call Oper(),您需要确保“Authorization: Bearer {token}”具有有效令牌(作为请求 header) .

目前,在您的 Login 处理中,您正在生成令牌并执行 Set-Cookie 以便 user-agent/client 使用令牌作为值创建 'jwt' cookie ;但是,user-agent 不会将该 jwt cookie 作为授权:不记名令牌自动添加到后续请求的 header 中。因此 Authorize 属性端点上的 JwtBearer 配置将无效。

同样值得注意的是,在 Xhr 或 Fetch 操作中设置 headers 在 SPA 框架中是支持和正常的(包括存储的 Cookie jwt_tokens)。但是,您不是在此处执行 Xhr 或 Fetch 请求,而是在执行 html 表单 post workflow/mechanic - 导航 pages/views。在这方面,设置授权 Header client-side 是 (AFAIK) 不可能的。

要在此处支持 page/view 导航,您需要在 server-side 上实施一个解决方案,使用传递的 jwt cookie 设置令牌。

@Kirk Larkin

In ASP.NET Core read JWT token from Cookie instead of Headers 中介绍了该解决方案
    .AddJwtBearer(options => {
            options.Events = new JwtBearerEvents
            {
                OnMessageReceived = context =>
                {
                    context.Token = context.Request.Cookies["jwt"];
                    return Task.CompletedTask;
                }
            };
        });

另外

context.Token 在此范围内总是 null 或为空。此声明和赋值不会发生任何预处理或 post 处理。如果您打算支持授权 Header 和 Cookie,您应该在这个 OnMessageReceived 分配的委托中实现该条件。

您可以查看 JwtBearerHandler (aspnetcore 5.0) on GitHub 的默认处理方式。

再次感谢@Kirk Larkin 在对链接问题的回复评论中提供此附加信息。

备注

这个答案最初是针对一个重复的问题提供的:ASP.NET Core 5.0 JWT authentication is throws 401 code

我不确定这与最初的问题有多相关,但我想我会插话。

在这个问题上挣扎了一段时间后,我最终添加了@Brett Caswell 所说的内容来解决我的问题。

services.AddAuthentication(options => {
    //add configs
})
.AddJwtBearer(x => {
    //add more configs
    x.Events = new JwtBearerEvents
            {
                OnMessageReceived = context =>
                {
                    context.Token = context.Request.Headers["Authorization"];
                    return Task.CompletedTask;
                },
            };
})

这是在意识到我的 JwtAuth 方案正在提供令牌之后,但是一旦将令牌发回进行验证,它就不会在我为项目设置的启动或配置中出现任何问题。将此添加到您的 .AddJwtBearer() 块中,您应该会很好。