Python: 如何处理 https 连接被拒绝错误并将日志写入服务器

Question

我正在尝试处理 post 请求的特定异常类型，但在执行期间 URL 抛出错误

Connection refused

当控件到达代码时

except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as connErr:

这本身就抛出异常。 "在处理上述异常的过程中，又发生了一个异常：" 据我所知，打印语句不会将错误写入服务器日志，因此我必须使用记录器将日志发布到服务器。所以我的问题是：

如何在 Python.
连接被拒绝-我应该从这个错误中得出什么结论。 post 请求是否需要一些凭据？或者那个 IP 本身不起作用？？

目前我正在使用 Azure insight 来跟踪已发布日志中的错误。

import requests
import logging
 
data={'number': 12524, 'type': 'issue', 'action': 'show'}

def GetPost(data):
    logging.info('-----------GetPost Function Starts Here-----------')
    try: 
        headers = {
            'user-agent': 'customize header string', 
            'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
            }  
        response = requests.post('http://dummyurl.org', data= data, headers=headers, timeout=3)

        logging.info('Http received response code: ', response.status_code)
        
        response.raise_for_status()
    except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as httpErr: 
        logging.error("Http Error: ", exc_info=httpErr)
    except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as connErr:
        logging.error("Error Connecting: ", exc_info=connErr)
    except requests.exceptions.Timeout as timeOutErr: 
        logging.error("Timeout Error: ", exc_info=timeOutErr)
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as reqErr:
        logging.error("Something Else: ", exc_info=reqErr)
    except Exception as err:
        logging.error("Other error occurred: ", exc_info=err)
        
    logging.info('-----------GetPost Function Ends Here-----------')

以下是我从 Azure Insight 获取的错误日志：

Error Connecting: 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 169, in _new_conn
    conn = connection.create_connection(
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py", line 96, in create_connection
    raise err
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py", line 86, in create_connection
    sock.connect(sa)
ConnectionRefusedError: [Errno 111] Connection refused

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 699, in urlopen
    httplib_response = self._make_request(
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 382, in _make_request
    self._validate_conn(conn)
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 1010, in _validate_conn
    conn.connect()
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 353, in connect
    conn = self._new_conn()
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 181, in _new_conn
    raise NewConnectionError(
urllib3.exceptions.NewConnectionError: <urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f53b8c1a040>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 439, in send
    resp = conn.urlopen(
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 755, in urlopen
    retries = retries.increment(
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 574, in increment
    raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='dummyip', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /test.gateway/rest/RestEndpoint (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f53b8c1a040>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused'))

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/PWO_EventHubTrigger/postCall.py", line 13, in GetPost
    response = requests.post('https://dummyip:443/test.gateway/rest/RestEndpoint', data= data, headers=headers, timeout=3)
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 119, in post
    return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 61, in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 542, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 655, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/home/site/wwwroot/.python_packages/lib/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 516, in send
    raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='dummyip', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /test.gateway/rest/RestEndpoint (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f53b8c1a040>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused'))

我正在从主函数调用 GetPost 函数。我是 python 开发新手，正在尝试编写 Azure 函数。有多个类似的 post 可用但无法确定正确答案:(

Answer 1

how do define exception handling in a correct way in Python.

从你的描述来看，你的异常处理似乎是正确的。

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

当你抛出异常或者except部分在except部分有问题时总是会出现这个问题。

你定义了'httpErr'吗？

下面的代码似乎是我这边的问题：

try: 
    x = 2
    y = 0
    result = x / y
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    logging.error("Http Error: ", exc_info="<some info>")

Connection refused- what should I conclude by this error. Is it requires some credentials for the post request?? or that IP itself is not working??

这个问题有很多可能的原因。端口、防火墙、虚拟网络、ip等。其实这个应该算一个完全不同的问题，需要根据你用的东西的具体情况具体分析。

Answer 2

TL;DR

如果您想避免 During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred 从跟踪中捕获第一个异常。

您的异常处理是正确的，只是您没有捕获所有异常:)

一般来说，这样做是可以的，捕获您想要以不同方式处理的异常，否则通常 raise/handle 就可以了。

您的代码：

我收到一个套接字错误，然后引发连接错误，以便修复将套接字错误添加为您期望的第一个异常：

def GetPost(data):
    logging.info('-----------GetPost Function Starts Here-----------')
    try: 
        headers = {
            'user-agent': 'customize header string', 
            'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
            }
        response = requests.post('http://dummyurl.org', data= data, headers=headers, timeout=3)
        logging.info('Http received response code: ', response.status_code)
        response.raise_for_status()
    except socket.error as exc:
        logging.error(f"Caught exception socket.error : {exc}")
    except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as httpErr: 
        logging.error("Http Error: ", exc_info=httpErr)
    except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as connErr:
        logging.error("Error Connecting: ", exc_info=connErr)
    except requests.exceptions.Timeout as timeOutErr: 
        logging.error("Timeout Error: ", exc_info=timeOutErr)
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as reqErr:
        logging.error("Something Else: ", exc_info=reqErr)
    except Exception as err:
        raise RuntimeError(f"Something bad happened {err}") from None
    logging.info('-----------GetPost Function Ends Here-----------')


GetPost(data)

参考：Handling Exceptions

Python: 如何处理 https 连接被拒绝错误并将日志写入服务器

Python: How to handle https connection refused error and write the logs in server

rest

post

azure

python-3.x

azure-functions