Return 基于类型参数的类型

Return type based on type argument

我有这段代码,它可以自己检查类型:

import pandas as pd
from typing import Tuple, Type

def df2objects(df: pd.DataFrame, object_type: Type[BaseObject]) -> Tuple[BaseObject, ...]:
    return tuple(object_type(**kwargs) for kwargs in df.to_dict(orient='records')

但如果我尝试使用它:

def use_it(df: pd.DataFrame) -> Tuple[DerivedObject,...]:
    return df2objects(df, DerivedObject)

我明白了

Incompatible return value type (got "Tuple[BaseObject, ...]", expected "Tuple[DerivedObject, ...]")mypy(error)

我可以用

解决这个问题
import typing

def use_it(df: pd.DataFrame) -> Tuple[DerivedObject,...]:
    return typing.cast(Tuple[DerivedObject,...], df2objects(df, DerivedObject))

但我真正想做的是指定 df2objects returns 一个 object_type 的元组,像这样:

def df2objects(df: pd.DataFrame, object_type: Type[BaseObject]) -> Tuple[object_type, ...]:

或者这个:

def df2objects(df: pd.DataFrame, object_type: Type[BaseObject]) -> Tuple[BaseObject, ...]:
    return typing.cast(Tuple[object_type,...],tuple(object_type(**kwargs) for kwargs in df.to_dict(orient='records'))

当然,这些都不起作用。

正如评论中提到的那样,我相信使用 TypeVar 是这里的解决方案。假设 DerivedObjectBaseObject 的子类,以下应该有效:

import pandas as pd
from typing import Type, TypeVar, Tuple

T = TypeVar('T', bound=BaseObject)

def df2objects(df: pd.DataFrame, object_type: Type[T]) -> Tuple[T, ...]:
    return tuple(object_type(**kwargs) for kwargs in df.to_dict(orient='records')

def use_it(df: pd.DataFrame) -> Tuple[DerivedObject,...]:
    return df2objects(df, DerivedObject)

通过使用 bound 关键字参数,我们将 TypeVar T 可能的类型限制为 DerivedObject 及其子类。

可以找到关于通用函数的 mypy 文档 here, the docs for TypeVar can be found here, and information on bound TypeVars can be found here