无法在 Applescript 中获取给定应用程序的 POSIX 路径

Question

I've written some Applescript to create a list of paths of all applications running in the dock:
set appsRunning to []

tell application "System Events"
    repeat with p in every application process
        if background only of p is false then
            set appsRunning to appsRunning & POSIX path of (path to application p)
        end if    
    end repeat
end tell 
But when it runs I get the error - "Can't make application into type constant" and it highlights path to application p.

I don't understand why this happens because when I run
set q to POSIX path of (path to application "Finder") -- or any other application  
I get no error whatsoever and I see "/System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app/" returned in the Results field.

How can I get this to work?

P.S. For my purposes it is essential that I get the path - the application name simply won't do. (This is because when I get the name of the application process, some of my applications which are SSBs made using Fluid return "FluidApp" as their name instead of "Gmail" or "Tumblr" or whatever site it is that I've made into an application. I need to distinguish between these and that only happens when I get the path.)

Any help would be appreciated! Thanks.

更新： 我使用了中第一个建议的修改版本来解决我的问题：

set appsRunning to {}

tell application "System Events"
    repeat with aProcess in (get application file of every application process whose background only is false)
        set appsRunning to appsRunning & POSIX path of aProcess
    end repeat
end tell

Answer 1

System Events的元素application process有一个属性application file，可以直接从中获取POSIX路径。

set appsRunning to {}

tell application "System Events"
    repeat with aProcess in (get every application process whose background only is false)
        set end of appsRunning to POSIX path of application file of aProcess
    end repeat
end tell

或更容易

tell application "System Events"
    set appsRunning to POSIX path of application file of every application process whose background only is false
end tell

这里还有一个排除Finder的解决方案，因为它一直运行并且路径是固定的

tell application "System Events"
    set appsRunning to POSIX path of application file of every application process whose background only is false and name is not "Finder"
end tell
set end of appsRunning to "/System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app"

使用您的原始方法的另一个解决方案

set appsRunning to {}

tell application "System Events"
    set applicationNames to get name of every application process whose background only is false
end tell
repeat with aName in applicationNames
    set end of appsRunning to POSIX path of (path to application aName)
end repeat

最后但并非最不重要的是 AppleScriptObjC 版本（Mavericks 及更高版本，在 Mavericks 中仅在脚本库中）

set appsRunning to (current application's NSWorkspace's sharedWorkspace()'s launchedApplications()'s valueForKey:"NSApplicationPath") as list

虽然 NSWorkspace 的方法 launchedApplications 已弃用，但它在 Yosemite

中有效

要在脚本库中使用 AppleScriptObjC，请保存此代码

use framework "Foundation"

on launchedApplications()
    return (current application's NSWorkspace's sharedWorkspace()'s launchedApplications()'s valueForKey:"NSApplicationPath") as list
end launchedApplications

作为脚本包（在 Mavericks 中，您必须在脚本的侧栏中检查 "AppleScript/Objective-C library"）在 ~/Library/Script Libraries 中。如果文件夹不存在，请创建。

现在可以从普通脚本文件中调用脚本库（脚本库命名为"NSWorkspace.scptd"）

use script "NSWorkspace"

set appsRunning to launchedApplications() of script "NSWorkspace"

无法在 Applescript 中获取给定应用程序的 POSIX 路径

Can't get POSIX Path of given application in Applescript

macos

applescript

types

path