执行我的测试时获得 java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError

Question

这是我为 table

中的所有记录查找 WebElement 的代码

private final static List<WebElement> listOfJobs = 
        (List<WebElement>) By.xpath("//*[@id='resultTable']//tbody/tr//a");

我的 getter 访问私有 WebElement 的方法

public static List<WebElement> getListOfJobs() 
{
   return listOfJobs;
}

这是我创建的函数，用于收集列表 table 中的所有记录

    @SuppressWarnings("null")
    public static List<String> listOfJobs()
    {
        List<String> jobs = null;
        for(int i=0; i < OrangeHRMAddJobCategories.getListOfJobs().size(); i++)
        {
            jobs.add(OrangeHRMAddJobCategories.getListOfJobs().get(i).getText());
        }
        return jobs;
    }

这是我的测试执行

        OrangeHRMAddJobCategories jobCategories = new OrangeHRMAddJobCategories();
        jobCategories.clickJobTab().clickJobCategoires().clickAdd().setJobCategoryName(map.get("categoryname")).saveJobCategory();
        
        Assertions.assertThat(UsefulFunctionUtils.listOfJobs().contains(map.get("categoryname")));

现在我在创建对象 jobCategories 时遇到错误 java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError。我的 WebElement 声明有问题吗？因为当我这样写我的代码时它执行成功了，但我不想这样做，我想使用 By abstract class

public static List<WebElement> listOfJobs = driver.findElements(By.xpath(("//*[@id='resultTable']//tbody/tr//a")));

public static List<WebElement> getListOfJobs() 
    {
        return listOfJobs;
    }

完整的堆栈跟踪

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at com.digicorp.testcases.TC_AddJobCategory.testAddJobCategory(TC_AddJobCategory.java:27)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:78)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:133)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeMethod(TestInvoker.java:598)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethod(TestInvoker.java:173)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodRunner.runInSequence(MethodRunner.java:46)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker$MethodInvocationAgent.invoke(TestInvoker.java:824)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethods(TestInvoker.java:146)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:146)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:128)
    at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:794)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:596)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:377)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:371)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:332)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:276)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:53)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:96)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1212)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1134)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1063)
    at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1031)
    at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:115)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:251)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:77)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: class org.openqa.selenium.By$ByXPath cannot be cast to class java.util.List (org.openqa.selenium.By$ByXPath is in unnamed module of loader 'app'; java.util.List is in module java.base of loader 'bootstrap')
    at com.digicorp.pageobjects.OrangeHRMAddJobCategories.<clinit>(OrangeHRMAddJobCategories.java:19)
    ... 29 more

Answer 1

解释在异常堆栈跟踪中：

class org.openqa.selenium.By$ByXPath cannot be cast to class java.util.List

错误在类型转换中：

private final static List<WebElement> listOfJobs = 
    (List<WebElement>) By.xpath("//*[@id='resultTable']//tbody/tr//a");

您不能将定位器转换为 List。类型不相关。

相反，您需要在 By.xpath(...) 定位器上调用 driver.findElements。如此处所述：

How to find element by XPath in Selenium with Example

但是 driver 值可能不可用，所以这意味着这不能在静态初始化时完成。这反过来意味着 listOfJobs 不能是 static final.

我的建议...是避免对这种事情使用 static 字段和方法。

Answer 2

Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: class org.openqa.selenium.By$ByXPath cannot be cast to class java.util.List

您正在将 List 转换为 WebElement，这是不可接受的。

您的代码:

private final static List<WebElement> listOfJobs = 
        (List<WebElement>) By.xpath("//*[@id='resultTable']//tbody/tr//a");

Why do you want to cast List class?

我们有 findElements 方法来 return 元素列表，因此您可以使用它。

更新代码:

private final static List<WebElement> listOfJobs = 
       driver.findElements(By.xpath("//*[@id='resultTable']//tbody/tr//a"));

执行我的测试时获得 java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError

Getting java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError when executing my Test

java

selenium

ui-automation

selenium-webdriver