为什么 CSS_SELECTOR 总是找不到 HTML 标签？

Question

我制作了一个可以点击各种 Instagram 提示的程序，我使用 CSS_SELECTOR 来识别这些按钮并点击它们。问题是，它只是有时有效。在这些情况下

wait.until(ec.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".aOOlW.bIiDR"))).click()
wait.until(ec.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".aOOlW.HoLwm"))).click()

CSS_SELECTOR 工作正常，但在这种情况下

wait.until(ec.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "sqdOP.L3NKy.y3zKF"))).click()

它不起作用并且returns这个错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/~/PycharmProjects/InstagramBot1/main.py", line 40, in <module>
    wait.until(ec.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "sqdOP.L3NKy.y3zKF"))).click()
  File "C:\Users\~\PycharmProjects\InstagramBot1\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\support\wait.py", line 89, in until
    raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.TimeoutException: Message: 
Stacktrace:
Backtrace:
    Ordinal0 [0x00B63AB3+2505395]
    Ordinal0 [0x00AFAE41+2076225]
    Ordinal0 [0x00A02498+1057944]
    Ordinal0 [0x00A2CB74+1231732]
    Ordinal0 [0x00A56D92+1404306]
    Ordinal0 [0x00A45A2A+1333802]
    Ordinal0 [0x00A55168+1397096]
    Ordinal0 [0x00A458BB+1333435]
    Ordinal0 [0x00A223E4+1188836]
    Ordinal0 [0x00A2323F+1192511]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x00CECB36+1554566]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x00D94A0C+2242396]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x00BF0E0B+523099]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x00BEFEB0+519168]
    Ordinal0 [0x00B002FD+2097917]
    Ordinal0 [0x00B04388+2114440]
    Ordinal0 [0x00B044C2+2114754]
    Ordinal0 [0x00B0E041+2154561]
    BaseThreadInitThunk [0x76BA6359+25]
    RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath [0x775987A4+228]
    RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath [0x77598774+180]


Process finished with exit code 1

我做错了什么，我怎样才能让 selenium 识别每个按钮，而不仅仅是一些按钮？

（这是我的完整代码：）

# Importing

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ec
from selenium.webdriver.support import ui
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait

# Setting everything up

service = Service("\Program Files (x86)\chromedriver.exe")

# Asking Questions

RandTimeInvalid = True
while RandTimeInvalid:
    try:
        RandomnessTime = int(input("Select Randomness Time:"))
        RandTimeInvalid = False
    except ValueError:
        print("'Randomness Time' must be a number!")
        RandTimeInvalid = True
InstagramUsername = input("Enter Username:")
InstagramPassword = input("Enter Password:")

# Logging In

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
driver.get('https://www.instagram.com/')
wait = ui.WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
driver.maximize_window()
wait.until(ec.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".aOOlW.bIiDR"))).click()
RandomnessTime = WebDriverWait(driver, (1 - RandomnessTime))
LoginUsername = ui.WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ec.element_to_be_clickable((By.NAME, "username"))).send_keys(InstagramUsername)
LoginPassword = ui.WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ec.element_to_be_clickable((By.NAME, "password"))).send_keys(InstagramPassword, Keys.ENTER)
wait.until(ec.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "sqdOP.L3NKy.y3zKF"))).click()
wait.until(ec.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".aOOlW.HoLwm"))).click()
page = requests.get('https://www.instagram.com')
soup = BeautifulSoup(page.content, 'html.parser')
links = soup.select("span")
print(links)P[

Answer 1

您的代码没有任何问题，但在 .

范围内

By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".aOOlW.bIiDR" 表示您正在使用类名来定位元素，并且这些类名是动态生成的。因此，每次访问 AUT（被测应用程序）时，您都不会找到之前执行的类名，因为它们是在每次访问时随机重新生成的。

因此找不到所需的元素，由于 wait 包装器，您会看到 TimeoutException错误。

为什么 CSS_SELECTOR 总是找不到 HTML 标签？

Why won't CSS_SELECTOR locate the HTML tag all the time?

html

python

error-handling

selenium

css-selectors