Python 用于基于结构的数组

Question

我正在尝试处理一项要求，我试图查看结构数组的数据类型。这是代码-

OrderDate = ['05-11-1996', '01-01-1971', '03-15-1969', '08-09-1983']
OrderAmount = [25.9, 44.8, 36.1, 29.4]
OrderNumber = [25, 45, 37, 19]
OrderName=['Ronaldo','Messi','Dybala','Pogba']
import numpy as np
data = np.zeros(3, dtype={'OrderDates':('OrderDate','OrderAmount', 'OrderNumber','OrderName'),
                      'formats':('U10','f8','i4','U10')})
print(data.dtype)

输出应该是：-

[('OrderDate', '<U10'), ('OrderAmount', '<f8'), ('OrderNumber', '<i4'), ('OrderName', '<U10')]

但是我收到一个错误-

    ValueError  Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-10-727f000630c8> in <module>()
      1 import numpy as np
      2 data = np.zeros(3, dtype={'OrderDates':('OrderDate','OrderAmount', 'OrderNumber','OrderName'),
----> 3                           'formats':('U10','f8','i4','U10')})
      4 print(data.dtype)

1 frames
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/_internal.py in _makenames_list(adict, align)
     30         n = len(obj)
     31         if not isinstance(obj, tuple) or n not in [2, 3]:
---> 32             raise ValueError("entry not a 2- or 3- tuple")
     33         if (n > 2) and (obj[2] == fname):
     34             continue

ValueError: entry not a 2- or 3- tuple

你能告诉我哪里错了吗？

Answer 1

numpy.zeros()函数returns给定形状和类型的新数组，带零。

语法：

numpy.zeros(shape, dtype = None, order = 'C')

您使用的语法错误，它应该如下所示：

import numpy as np
data = np.zeros((2,), dtype=[('OrderDate','U10'),('OrderAmount','f8') 
('OrderNumber','i4'),('OrderName','U10')]) # custom dtype
print(data.dtype)

[('OrderDate', '

Answer 2

使用'names'作为dict键：

In [178]: data = np.zeros(3, dtype={'names':('OrderDate','OrderAmount', 'OrderNu
     ...: mber','OrderName'),
     ...:                       'formats':('U10','f8','i4','U10')})
In [179]: data
Out[179]: 
array([('', 0., 0, ''), ('', 0., 0, ''), ('', 0., 0, '')],
      dtype=[('OrderDate', '<U10'), ('OrderAmount', '<f8'), ('OrderNumber', '<i4'), ('OrderName', '<U10')])

虽然我通常使用元组列表格式，与默认dtype显示相同。

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