有没有办法隐藏JFrame中的所有元素

Question

我目前正在开发 Java 应用程序，我正在使用 JFrame，在 JFrame 内部我有一些按钮、标签和文本字段。我需要隐藏 JFrame 中的所有元素。我不需要隐藏 JFrame 本身，只需隐藏其中的元素即可显示其他一些元素。有没有一种方法可以在不手动编写 element.setVisibility(false); 的情况下将它们全部隐藏起来？每一个？

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import javax.swing.border.LineBorder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class GraphicUserInterface implements ActionListener {
    /**
     * Constructor for objects of class GraphicUserInterface
     */
    private JFrame window;
    private JButton button1;
    private JButton button2;
    private JButton button3;
    private JButton button4;
    private JButton button5;
    private JButton button6;
   
    private JLabel title;
    private JLabel username;
    private JLabel password;
    private JTextField textF1;
    private JPasswordField passF;
    private JTextArea title2;
    
    
    private int prevMenu;
    private int menu ;

    private Admin admin;

    public GraphicUserInterface() {
        // initialise instance variables
        this.admin = new Admin();
        this.window = new JFrame();
        this.button1 = new JButton();
        this.button2 = new JButton();
        this.button3 = new JButton();
        this.button4 = new JButton();
        this.button5 = new JButton();
        this.button6 = new JButton();
        
        this.title2 = new JTextArea();
        
        this.title = new JLabel();
        this.username = new JLabel();
        this.password = new JLabel();
        this.textF1 = new JTextField();
        this.passF = new JPasswordField();
        this.button1.addActionListener(this);
        this.button2.addActionListener(this);
        
    }

    public void start() {
        
        switch(this.menu) {
            case 0:
            this.window.setTitle("Študentský systém");
            this.button1.setText("Admin");
            this.button2.setText("Študent");
            this.title.setText("Zvoľ typ prihlásenia"); 

            this.title.setBounds(130,50,200,70);
            this.title.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 20));

            this.button1.setBounds(140,130,120,55);
            this.button1.setBackground(Color.white);
            this.button1.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,5));

            this.button2.setBounds(140,215,120,55);
            this.button2.setBackground(new Color(156,156,156));
            this.button2.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,5));
            this.button2.setForeground(Color.white);

          
            this.window.add(this.button1);
            this.window.add(this.button2);
            this.window.add(this.title); 
            visOfUIElements(false);

            this.window.getContentPane().setBackground(new Color(235, 235, 235));
            this.window.setSize(400,400);  
            this.window.setLayout(null);  
            this.window.setVisible(true);
            

            //this.button1.addActionListener(this);
                    
            //this.button2.addActionListener(this);
            break;
            case 1:
            
            this.window.setTitle("Študentský systém");
            this.button1.setText("Prihlásiť");
            this.button2.setText("Späť");
            this.title.setText("Prihlásenie Admin");
            this.textF1.setBounds(130,125,125,20);
            this.passF.setBounds(130,155,125,20);
            this.username.setText("Login:");
            this.password.setText("Heslo:");
            
            this.title.setBounds(100,50,200,70);
            this.title.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 20));
            
            this.username.setBounds(80,100,50,70);
            this.username.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 15));
       
            this.password.setBounds(80,130,50,70);      
            this.password.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 15));

            this.button1.setBounds(130,180,60,30);
            this.button1.setBackground(Color.white);
            this.button1.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));

            this.button2.setBounds(195,180,60,30);
            this.button2.setBackground(new Color(156,156,156));
            this.button2.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));
            this.button2.setForeground(Color.white);
            
            this.textF1.setBounds(130,125,125,20);
            this.passF.setBounds(130,155,125,20);

          
            this.window.add(this.button1);
            this.window.add(this.button2);
            this.window.add(this.title); 
            this.window.add(this.textF1);
            this.window.add(this.passF);
            this.window.add(this.username);
            this.window.add(this.password);
            visOfUIElements(true);

            this.window.getContentPane().setBackground(new Color(235, 235, 235));
            this.window.setSize(400,400);  
            this.window.setLayout(null);  
            this.window.setVisible(true);
            

            
            break;
            case 2:
            
            this.window.setTitle("Študentský systém");
            this.button1.setText("Prihlásiť");
            this.button2.setText("Späť");
            this.title.setText("Prihlásenie Študent");
            this.textF1.setBounds(130,125,125,20);
            this.passF.setBounds(130,155,125,20);
            this.username.setText("Login:");
            this.password.setText("Heslo:");
            
            this.title.setBounds(100,50,200,70);
            this.title.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 20));
            
            this.username.setBounds(80,100,50,70);
            this.username.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 15));
       
            this.password.setBounds(80,130,50,70);      
            this.password.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 15));

            this.button1.setBounds(130,180,60,30);
            this.button1.setBackground(Color.white);
            this.button1.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));

            this.button2.setBounds(195,180,60,30);
            this.button2.setBackground(new Color(156,156,156));
            this.button2.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));
            this.button2.setForeground(Color.white);
            
            this.textF1.setBounds(130,125,125,20);
            this.passF.setBounds(130,155,125,20);
            
            this.textF1.setText("Marek");
          
            this.window.add(this.button1);
            this.window.add(this.button2);
            this.window.add(this.title); 
            this.window.add(this.textF1);
            this.window.add(this.passF);
            this.window.add(this.username);
            this.window.add(this.password);
            visOfUIElements(true);

            this.window.getContentPane().setBackground(new Color(235, 235, 235));
            this.window.setSize(400,400);  
            this.window.setLayout(null);  
            this.window.setVisible(true);
            
            break;
            case 3:
            this.window.setTitle("Študentský systém");
            this.button1.setText("Pridať študenta");
            this.button2.setText("Vyhľadať študenta");
            this.button3.setText("Pridať predmet");
            this.button4.setText("Pridať odbor");
            this.button5.setText("Pridať fakultu");
            this.button6.setText("Odhlásiť");
            
            this.title.setText("Admin");
            this.textF1.setBounds(325,125,125,20);
            this.passF.setBounds(325,155,125,20);
            this.username.setText("Login:");
            this.password.setText("Heslo:");
            
            this.title2.setBounds(380,50,200,200);
            this.title2.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 20));
            
            this.username.setBounds(80,100,50,70);
            this.username.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 15));
       
            this.password.setBounds(80,130,50,70);      
            this.password.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 15));

            this.button1.setBounds(350,130,120,55);
            this.button1.setBackground(Color.white);
            this.button1.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));

            this.button2.setBounds(350,215,120,55);
            this.button2.setBackground(Color.white);
            this.button2.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));
            this.button2.setForeground(Color.black);
            
            
            this.button3.setBounds(350,300,120,55);
            this.button3.setBackground(Color.white);
            this.button3.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));

            this.button4.setBounds(350,385,120,55);
            this.button4.setBackground(Color.white);
            this.button4.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));
            
            
            this.button5.setBounds(350,470,120,55);
            this.button5.setBackground(Color.white);
            this.button5.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));

            this.button6.setBounds(350,555,120,55);
            this.button6.setBackground(new Color(156,156,156));
            this.button6.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));
            this.button6.setForeground(Color.white);
            
            
            this.textF1.setBounds(130,125,125,20);
            this.passF.setBounds(130,155,125,20);

          
            this.window.add(this.button1);
            this.window.add(this.button2);
            this.window.add(this.button3);
            this.window.add(this.button4);
            this.window.add(this.button5);
            this.window.add(this.button6);
            
            this.window.add(this.title); 
            this.window.add(this.textF1);
            this.window.add(this.passF);
            this.window.add(this.username);
            this.window.add(this.password);
            visOfUIElements(false);

            this.window.getContentPane().setBackground(new Color(235, 235, 235));
            this.window.setSize(820,800);  
            this.window.setLayout(null);  
            this.window.setVisible(true);
            break;
            case 4:
            this.window.setTitle("Študentský systém");
            this.button1.setText("Predmety");
            this.button2.setText("Voliteľné predmety");
            this.button3.setText("Zmeniť heslo");
            this.button4.setText("Profilové údaje");
            this.button5.setText("Odhlásiť");
            String a = "\nID: 560269 ";
            String b ="\nMeno: Marek Magula ";
            String c = "\nŠtudijná skupina: 5ZYS11";
            
            this.title2.setEditable(false);
            this.title2.append(a);
            this.title2.append(b);
            this.title2.append(c);
            this.textF1.setBounds(325,125,125,20);
            this.passF.setBounds(325,155,125,20);
            this.username.setText("Login:");
            this.password.setText("Heslo:");
            
            this.title2.setBounds(350,50,200,200);
            this.title2.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 15));
            this.title2.setBackground(new Color(235, 235, 235));
            
            this.username.setBounds(80,100,50,70);
            this.username.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 15));
       
            this.password.setBounds(80,130,50,70);      
            this.password.setFont(new Font("Calibri", Font.BOLD, 15));

            this.button1.setBounds(350,130,120,55);
            this.button1.setBackground(Color.white);
            this.button1.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));

            this.button2.setBounds(350,215,120,55);
            this.button2.setBackground(Color.white);
            this.button2.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));
            this.button2.setForeground(Color.black);
            
            
            this.button3.setBounds(350,300,120,55);
            this.button3.setBackground(Color.white);
            this.button3.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));

            this.button4.setBounds(350,385,120,55);
            this.button4.setBackground(Color.white);
            this.button4.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));

            this.button5.setBounds(350,470,120,55);
            this.button5.setBackground(new Color(156,156,156));
            this.button5.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.black,3));
            this.button5.setForeground(Color.white);
  
            this.textF1.setBounds(130,125,125,20);
            this.passF.setBounds(130,155,125,20);

            this.window.add(this.button1);
            this.window.add(this.button2);
            this.window.add(this.button3);
            this.window.add(this.button4);
            
            this.window.add(this.button5);
            
            this.window.add(this.title2); 
            this.window.remove(this.title); 
            this.window.add(this.textF1);
            this.window.add(this.passF);
            this.window.add(this.username);
            this.window.add(this.password);
            visOfUIElements(false);

            this.window.getContentPane().setBackground(new Color(235, 235, 235));
            this.window.setSize(820,800);  
            this.window.setLayout(null);  
            this.window.setVisible(true);
            
            break;
        
        }

    }
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        switch (this.menu) {
            case 0:
            if (e.getSource() == this.button1) {
                this.menu = 1;            
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 2;           
                start();
            }
            break;
            case 1:
            if (e.getSource()== this.button1) {
                this.menu = 3;
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 0;
                start();
            }
            break;
            case 2:
            if (e.getSource()== this.button1) {
                this.menu = 4;
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 0;
                start();
            }
            break;
            case 3:
            if (e.getSource() == this.button1) {
                this.menu = 5;            
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource() == this.button2) {
                this.menu = 6;           
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource() == this.button3) {
                this.menu = 7;           
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource() == this.button4) {
                this.menu = 8;           
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource() == this.button5) {
                this.menu = 9;           
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource() == this.button6) {
                this.menu = 0;           
                start();
            }
            break;
            case 4:
            if (e.getSource() == this.button1) {
                this.menu = 10;            
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 11;           
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button3) {
                this.menu = 12;           
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button4) {
                this.menu = 13;           
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button5) {
                this.menu = 0;           
                start();
            } 
            break;
            case 5:
            if (e.getSource()== this.button1) {
                this.menu = 3;
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 0;
                start();
            }
            break;
            case 6:
            if (e.getSource()== this.button1) {
                this.menu = 3;
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 0;
                start();
            }
            break;
            case 7:
            if (e.getSource()== this.button1) {
                this.menu = 3;
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 0;
                start();
            }
            break;
            case 8:
            if (e.getSource()== this.button1) {
                this.menu = 3;
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 0;
                start();
            }
            break;
            case 9:
            if (e.getSource()== this.button1) {
                this.menu = 3;
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 0;
                start();
            }
            break;
            case 10:
            if (e.getSource()== this.button1) {
                this.menu = 3;
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 0;
                start();
            }
            break;
            case 11:
            if (e.getSource()== this.button1) {
                this.menu = 3;
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 0;
                start();
            }
            break;
            case 12:
            if (e.getSource()== this.button1) {
                this.menu = 3;
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 0;
                start();
            }
            break;
            case 13:
            if (e.getSource()== this.button1) {
                this.menu = 3;
                start();
            } else if (e.getSource()== this.button2) {
                this.menu = 0;
                start();
            }
            break;
           
        }    
    }
    
    /*public void visOfUIElements(boolean visibility) {
        this.username.setVisible(visibility);
            this.password.setVisible(visibility);
            this.textF1.setVisible(visibility);
            this.passF.setVisible(visibility);
    }*/
}

这是我的代码。我正在更改 UI window 的布局并需要使其更有效率，因此我不会将相同的代码编写数百次。

Answer 1

将你想要控制的组件添加到一个公共容器中，然后简单地hide/show它

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Test();
    }

    public Test() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                JFrame frame = new JFrame();
                frame.add(new TestPane());
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

    public class TestPane extends JPanel {

        public TestPane() {
            setBorder(new EmptyBorder(new Insets(8, 8, 8, 8)));
            setLayout(new BorderLayout());
            JPanel basePane = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
            basePane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(new Insets(50, 50, 50, 50)));
            basePane.add(new JLabel("I can see you"));
            add(basePane);

            JButton btn = new JButton("Hide");
            add(btn, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

            btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    if (basePane.isVisible()) {
                        basePane.setVisible(false);
                        btn.setText("Show");
                    } else {
                        basePane.setVisible(true);
                        btn.setText("Hide");
                    }
                }
            }); 
        }

    }
}

I think this will not do the job ...

实际上，我认为会，但是，您遗漏了一些非常重要的核心概念。

解耦

您正在使用 OO 语言进行操作，您需要关注的事情之一是“解耦”您的功能对其他功能的依赖性。问自己一个简单的问题。如果我必须修改系统的这一部分，它会产生什么后果。如果您发现自己处于一连串的变化中，那么您的系统就是紧密耦合的

单一职责

您想尽可能地隔离功能，以便它只有一项工作要做。而不是使用试图做所有事情的“上帝”class（就像你所做的那样），将你的问题分解成小块并隔离功能，这样它就可以尽可能简单地完成工作。

每个元素都应该尽可能不依赖于了解系统的当前状态，而不是被告知的，这是第一点和第三点的一部分。

依赖注入

将每个子系统需要的信息传递给它们，而不是拥有全局可达的资源。这对于测试来说确实很好，但它进一步降低了耦合度

接口代码

利用 interface 来描述高级功能概念。例如，“学生详细信息”视图不关心学生信息的结构、获取或管理方式，它只关心呈现由interface（或合同）维护的一些信息。这将使对底层实现进行核心更改变得更容易，而不会对系统中所有想要使用它的部分产生不利影响，因为它们只依赖于 interface[=19= 定义的“合同” ]

示例...

现在，我通常使用 CardLayout，但是 CardLayout 不像这个问题可能需要的那样动态。

因此，我推出了自己的“导航”工作流程。这使我可以更好地控制需要注入的信息，并允许进行更动态的演示 - 您不希望在学生注销时显示填写了学生凭据的学生登录屏幕。

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.Window;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.Deque;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Test();
    }

    public Test() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                JFrame frame = new JFrame();
                frame.setTitle("Študentský systém");
                frame.add(new MainPane());
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

    public interface Authenticator {

        public Student authenticateStudent(String userName, char[] password);

        public void logout(Student student);
    }

    // This is how you would return information
    public interface Student {
    }

    // You'll need to fill this out...
    public class DefaultAuthenticator implements Authenticator {

        @Override
        public Student authenticateStudent(String userName, char[] password) {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public void logout(Student student) {
        }

    }

    public class NavigationManager {

        private Deque<JPanel> viewHierarchy = new ArrayDeque<>(16);

        private JPanel parent;

        public NavigationManager(JPanel parent) {
            this.parent = parent;
        }

        protected void push(JPanel view) {
            viewHierarchy.add(view);
            present(view);
        }

        protected void present(JPanel view) {
            parent.removeAll();
            parent.add(view);
            parent.revalidate();
            Window window = SwingUtilities.windowForComponent(parent);
            if (window != null) {
                window.pack();
                window.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
            }
            parent.repaint();
        }

        protected void pop() {
            if (viewHierarchy.size() > 1) {
                viewHierarchy.removeLast();
            }
            present(viewHierarchy.getLast());
        }
    }

    public class MainPane extends JPanel {

        private MenuPane menuPane;

        private Authenticator authenticator = new DefaultAuthenticator();
        private NavigationManager navigationManager;

        public MainPane() {
            setLayout(new BorderLayout());
            navigationManager = new NavigationManager(this);

            push(getMenuPane());
        }

        protected void push(JPanel view) {
            navigationManager.push(view);
        }

        protected void pop() {
            navigationManager.pop();
        }

        protected void present(JPanel view) {
            navigationManager.present(view);
        }

        protected Authenticator getAuthenticator() {
            return authenticator;
        }

        protected MenuPane getMenuPane() {
            if (menuPane == null) {
                menuPane = new MenuPane(new MenuPane.NavigationController() {
                    @Override
                    public void presentAdmin() {
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void presentStudent() {
                        present(getStudentLoginPane());
                    }
                });
            }
            return menuPane;
        }

        protected StudentLoginPane getStudentLoginPane() {
            return new StudentLoginPane(getAuthenticator(), new StudentLoginPane.NavigationController() {
                @Override
                public void back() {
                    pop();
                }

                @Override
                public void studentAuthentictated(Student student) {
                    push(getStudentDetailsPane(student));
                }
            });
        }

        protected StudentPane getStudentDetailsPane(Student student) {
            return new StudentPane(student, new StudentPane.NavigationController() {
                @Override
                public void logout(Student student) {
                    getAuthenticator().logout(student);
                    pop();
                }
            });
        }

    }

    public class MenuPane extends JPanel {

        public static interface NavigationController {

            public void presentAdmin();

            public void presentStudent();
        }

        private JButton adminBtn;
        private JButton studentBtn;
        private JLabel title;

        public MenuPane(NavigationController navigationController) {
            setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
            setBorder(new EmptyBorder(new Insets(25, 25, 25, 25)));
            adminBtn = new JButton("Admin");
            studentBtn = new JButton("Študent");
            title = new JLabel("Zvoľ typ prihlásenia");

            GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
            gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
            gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
            gbc.insets = new Insets(4, 4, 4, 4);

            add(title, gbc);
            add(adminBtn, gbc);
            add(studentBtn, gbc);

            adminBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    navigationController.presentAdmin();
                }
            });
            studentBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    navigationController.presentStudent();
                }
            });
        }
    }

    public class StudentLoginPane extends JPanel {

        public static interface NavigationController {

            public void back();

            public void studentAuthentictated(Student student);
        }

        private JLabel title;
        private JButton signInBtn;
        private JButton backBtn;

        private JLabel loginLabel;
        private JLabel passwordLabel;
        private JTextField userNameField;
        private JTextField passwordField;

        public StudentLoginPane(Authenticator authenticator, NavigationController navigationController) {
            title = new JLabel("Študentský systém");
            title.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
            title.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(16, 16, 16, 16));
            signInBtn = new JButton("Prihlásiť");
            backBtn = new JButton("Späť");
            loginLabel = new JLabel("Login:");
            passwordLabel = new JLabel("Heslo:");

            userNameField = new JTextField(10);
            passwordField = new JPasswordField(10);

            setLayout(new BorderLayout());
            add(title, BorderLayout.NORTH);

            JPanel contentPane = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
            GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
            gbc.gridx = 0;
            gbc.gridy = 0;
            gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_END;
            gbc.insets = new Insets(4, 4, 4, 4);

            contentPane.add(loginLabel, gbc);
            gbc.gridy++;
            contentPane.add(passwordLabel, gbc);

            gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;
            gbc.gridx = 1;
            gbc.gridy = 0;
            contentPane.add(userNameField, gbc);
            gbc.gridy++;
            contentPane.add(passwordField, gbc);

            add(contentPane);

            JPanel buttonPane = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
            buttonPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(16, 16, 16, 16));

            buttonPane.add(signInBtn);
            buttonPane.add(backBtn);

            add(buttonPane, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

            signInBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    // Perform the required authentication
                    // If you're wondering, yes, I'd probably pass in a reference
                    // to a "authenticator" which would do the actual work for
                    // me
                    // Passing null here is just for demonstration purposes
                    navigationController.studentAuthentictated(null);
                }
            });

            backBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    navigationController.back();
                }
            });
        }
    }

    public class StudentPane extends JPanel {

        public static interface NavigationController {

            public void logout(Student student);
        }

        private JLabel idLabel;
        private JLabel nameLabel;
        private JLabel groupLabel;

        // And here we have a demonstration of a decoupled workflow
        // The MainPane shouldn't care about anything other then logging
        // the student out, all other "sub flows" can become the responsbility
        // of the sub views themselves
        private NavigationManager navigationManager;

        public StudentPane(Student student, NavigationController navigationController) {
            navigationManager = new NavigationManager(this);

            idLabel = new JLabel("560269"); // Use the reference to student to get this
            nameLabel = new JLabel("Marek Magula"); // Use the reference to student to get this
            groupLabel = new JLabel("5ZYS11"); // Use the reference to student to get this

            setLayout(new BorderLayout());

            JPanel detailsPane = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
            GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
            gbc.gridx = 0;
            gbc.gridy = 0;
            gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_END;
            gbc.insets = new Insets(4, 4, 4, 4);

            detailsPane.add(new JLabel("ID:"), gbc);
            gbc.gridy++;
            detailsPane.add(new JLabel("Meno:"), gbc);
            gbc.gridy++;
            detailsPane.add(new JLabel("Študijná skupina:"), gbc);

            add(detailsPane, BorderLayout.NORTH);

            gbc.gridx = 1;
            gbc.gridy = 0;
            gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;
            detailsPane.add(idLabel, gbc);
            gbc.gridy++;
            detailsPane.add(nameLabel, gbc);
            gbc.gridy++;
            detailsPane.add(groupLabel, gbc);

            JButton subjectsBtn = new JButton("Predmety");
            JButton optioinalSubjectsBtn = new JButton("Voliteľné predmety");
            JButton changePassword = new JButton("Zmeniť heslo");
            JButton profileBtn = new JButton("Profilové údaje");
            JButton logoutBtn = new JButton("Odhlásiť");

            JPanel buttonPane = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
            gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
            gbc.gridwidth = gbc.REMAINDER;
            gbc.fill = gbc.HORIZONTAL;
            gbc.ipadx = 8;
            gbc.ipady = 8;
            gbc.insets = new Insets(4, 4, 4, 4);

            buttonPane.add(subjectsBtn, gbc);
            buttonPane.add(optioinalSubjectsBtn, gbc);
            buttonPane.add(changePassword, gbc);
            buttonPane.add(profileBtn, gbc);
            buttonPane.add(logoutBtn, gbc);

            add(buttonPane);

            subjectsBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    // Create a student's subject pane;
                    // Inject in the student reference
                    // Use the NavigationManager to push it onto the stack
                }
            });
            optioinalSubjectsBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    // Create a student's optional subject pane;
                    // Inject in the student reference
                    // Use the NavigationManager to push it onto the stack
                }
            });
            changePassword.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    // Okay, this is one of those "questionable" options
                    // Is it better to pass the a reference of the 
                    // "authenticator" service to this class, then use a 
                    // simple dialog to get the password from the user
                    // and then pass it to the "authenticator" service
                    // OR
                    // should we present another screen?!
                    // Personally, I prefer option 1

                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(StudentPane.this, "All your password belong to us");
                }
            });
            profileBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    // Create a student's profile pane;
                    // Inject in the student reference
                    // Use the NavigationManager to push it onto the stack
                }
            });
            logoutBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    navigationController.logout(student);
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

这是一个不完整的实现，只是为了提供一个起点。

我强烈建议你看看Laying Out Components Within a Container

有没有办法隐藏JFrame中的所有元素

Is there a way to hide all elements in JFrame

java

swing

jframe

解耦

单一职责

依赖注入

接口代码

示例...