在 pygame 中有没有办法优化具有透明度的表面？
Is there a way to optimize surfaces with transparency in pygame?
我正在尝试用 pygame 中的粒子进行爆炸，但速度非常非常慢。代码中最慢的部分之一是创建具有所需颜色和透明度的表面的部分。为了清楚起见，我在这里发布了整个代码，但该函数称为 makeSurface。它在 SmokeParticle 和 Spark class.
中
import pygame
import math
import random
##draw functions##
def drawSpark(window, spark):
if not spark.dead():
window.blit(spark.surface, spark.position)
def drawParticle(window, particle):
window.blit(particle.surface, particle.position)
def drawCluster(window, cluster):
for particle in cluster.particles:
drawParticle(window, particle)
def drawSmoke(window, smoke):
for cluster in smoke.clusters:
drawCluster(window, cluster)
def drawExplosions(window, em):
for s in em.smoke:
drawSmoke(window, s)
for spark in em.sparks:
drawSpark(window, spark)
##other functions##
#thank you rabbid76
def randomDistBiasedMiddle(_min, _max):
r = lambda : random.uniform(-1, 1)
r1, r2 = r(), r()
bias = lambda _r: _r**3 * (_max - _min) / 2 + (_min + _max) / 2
return (bias(r1), bias(r2))
##########################################
class Spark:
def __init__(self, travel, position, rotation, scale):
self.position = list(position)
self.rotation = rotation
self.goTowards = (math.sin(rotation), math.cos(rotation))
self.scale = scale
self.speed = random.randint(70, 130) * scale
self.maxTravel = travel * self.scale * 2
self.maxAlpha = 150
self.minAlpha = 0
self.randomColor = random.choice((
(188, 98, 5),
(255, 215, 0),
(255, 127, 80),
(255, 140, 0)))
self.travelled = 0
self.makeSurface()
def shoot(self):
if self.travelled < self.maxTravel:
self.travelled += 5 #could use actual distance but performance :( . 5 seems to be a good fit tho
self.position[0] += self.goTowards[0] * (3/self.travelled) * self.speed
self.position[1] += self.goTowards[1] * (3/self.travelled) * self.speed
def makeSurface(self):
self.alpha = ((1 - (self.travelled / self.maxTravel)) * (self.maxAlpha - self.minAlpha)) + self.minAlpha
self.color = (*self.randomColor, self.alpha)
if self.alpha > 0:
self.surface = pygame.Surface((3, 15), pygame.SRCALPHA)
self.surface.fill(self.color)
self.surface = pygame.transform.rotate(self.surface, math.degrees(self.rotation))
def dead(self):
return self.alpha < 1
class SmokeParticle:
def __init__(self, position, distFromcentre, explosionRange, centre):
self.position = list(position)
self.distFromCentre = distFromcentre #distance from centre of explosion, not the cluster
self.possibleMoves = (
(-1, -1), (0, -1), (1, -1), (1, 0),
(1, 1), (0, 1), (-1, 1), (-1, 0)
)
self.blowSpeed = 2
self.blowDir = (self.position[0] - centre[0], self.position[1] - centre[1])
self.blowDir = (self.blowDir[0] / distFromcentre, self.blowDir[1] / distFromcentre)
self.blowDistance = math.hypot(*self.blowDir)
self.explosionRange = explosionRange
self.maxAlpha = 200
self.minAlpha = 80
self.cf = (255, 140, 0)#smoke color farthest from the explosion centre
self.cn = (20, 20, 20)#smoke color closest to the explosion centre
self.makeSurface()
def makeSurface(self):
self.alpha = ((1 - (self.distFromCentre / self.explosionRange)) * (self.maxAlpha - self.minAlpha)) + self.minAlpha
findColor = lambda c : max(0, min(((1 - (self.distFromCentre / self.explosionRange)) * (self.cf[c] - self.cn[c])) + self.cn[c], 255))
self.color = (findColor(0), findColor(1), findColor(2), self.alpha)
self.surface = pygame.Surface((8, 8), pygame.SRCALPHA)
if self.alpha > 0:
self.surface.fill(self.color)
def blowAway(self, dt):
move = random.choice(self.possibleMoves)
self.position[0] += move[0]
self.position[1] += move[1]
self.position[0] += self.blowDir[0] * self.blowSpeed
self.position[1] += self.blowDir[1] * self.blowSpeed
self.distFromCentre += self.blowDistance * self.blowSpeed
def dead(self):
return self.distFromCentre > self.explosionRange
class SmokeCluster:
def __init__(self, position, explosionRange, distFromCentre, centre):
self.particles = []
self.explosionRange = explosionRange
self.radius = 5
self.nParticels = 10
self.position = position
self.distFromCentre = distFromCentre
for i in range(self.nParticels):
randomPos = randomDistBiasedMiddle(-self.radius, self.radius)
pos = (self.position[0] + randomPos[0], self.position[1] + randomPos[1])
self.particles.append(SmokeParticle(pos, self.distFromCentre, self.explosionRange, centre))
def do(self, dt):
for particle in self.particles:
particle.blowAway(dt)
particle.makeSurface()
def removeDeadParticles(self):
self.particles = [particle for particle in self.particles if not particle.dead()]
def dead(self):
return not self.particles
class SmokeMass:
def __init__(self, explosionRange, mousePos):
self.clusters = []
self.explosionRange = explosionRange
self.nClusters = int(200 * (explosionRange * 0.1))
for i in range(self.nClusters):
randomPos = randomDistBiasedMiddle(-self.explosionRange, self.explosionRange)
clusterPos = (randomPos[0] + mousePos[0], randomPos[1] + mousePos[1])
self.clusters.append(SmokeCluster(clusterPos, self.explosionRange, math.dist(clusterPos, mousePos), mousePos))
def do(self, dt):
for cluster in self.clusters:
cluster.do(dt)
def removeDeadClusters(self):
for cluster in self.clusters:
cluster.removeDeadParticles()
self.clusters = [cluster for cluster in self.clusters if not cluster.dead()]
class ExplosionManager:
def __init__(self, scale):
self.sparks = []
self.smoke = []
self.scale = scale
self.cloudPatches = []
self.maxSpread = 100
self.removeSparkles = pygame.USEREVENT + 0
pygame.time.set_timer(self.removeSparkles, 2500)
def generateSparks(self, mousePos):
for i in range(int(self.scale * 20)):
rotation = random.uniform(0, 2 * math.pi)
self.sparks.append(Spark(self.maxSpread, mousePos, rotation, self.scale))
def generateSmoke(self, mousePos):
self.smoke.append(SmokeMass(200 * self.scale, mousePos))
def triggered(self, events):
for event in events:
if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
return True
def explode(self, dt):
for spark in self.sparks:
spark.shoot()
spark.makeSurface()
for s in self.smoke:
s.do(dt)
def removeDeadSparks(self, events):
for event in events:
if event.type == self.removeSparkles:
self.sparks = [spark for spark in self.sparks if not spark.dead()]
def removeDeadSmoke(self):
for s in self.smoke:
s.removeDeadClusters()
pygame.init()
winSize = (600, 600)
window = pygame.display.set_mode(winSize)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 100
explosionScale = 1
explosionScale = min(max(explosionScale, 0), 1)#because i never know what I will do
em = ExplosionManager(explosionScale)
while True:
events = pygame.event.get()
mousePos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
mousePressed = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
dt = clock.tick(fps) * 0.001
pygame.display.set_caption(f"FPS: {clock.get_fps()}")
gen = False
for event in events:
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
raise SystemExit
if em.triggered(events):
em.generateSparks(mousePos)
em.generateSmoke(mousePos)
em.explode(dt)
em.removeDeadSparks(events)
em.removeDeadSmoke()
window.fill((40, 50, 50))
drawExplosions(window, em)
pygame.display.flip()
一个明显的改进是不在每次移动时为每个粒子创建一个表面。仅创建一次 Surface 并在颜色变化时用新颜色填充它
class SmokeParticle:
def __init__(self, position, distFromcentre, explosionRange, centre):
# [...]
self.surface = pygame.Surface((8, 8), pygame.SRCALPHA)
self.color = None
self.makeSurface()
def makeSurface(self):
self.alpha = ((1 - (self.distFromCentre / self.explosionRange)) * (self.maxAlpha - self.minAlpha)) + self.minAlpha
findColor = lambda c : max(0, min(((1 - (self.distFromCentre / self.explosionRange)) * (self.cf[c] - self.cn[c])) + self.cn[c], 255))
color = (findColor(0), findColor(1), findColor(2), self.alpha)
if self.alpha > 0 and self.color != color:
self.color = color
self.surface.fill(self.color)
这仍然不足以提高性能，但会更好。
我正在尝试用 pygame 中的粒子进行爆炸，但速度非常非常慢。代码中最慢的部分之一是创建具有所需颜色和透明度的表面的部分。为了清楚起见，我在这里发布了整个代码，但该函数称为 makeSurface。它在 SmokeParticle 和 Spark class.
import pygame
import math
import random
##draw functions##
def drawSpark(window, spark):
if not spark.dead():
window.blit(spark.surface, spark.position)
def drawParticle(window, particle):
window.blit(particle.surface, particle.position)
def drawCluster(window, cluster):
for particle in cluster.particles:
drawParticle(window, particle)
def drawSmoke(window, smoke):
for cluster in smoke.clusters:
drawCluster(window, cluster)
def drawExplosions(window, em):
for s in em.smoke:
drawSmoke(window, s)
for spark in em.sparks:
drawSpark(window, spark)
##other functions##
#thank you rabbid76
def randomDistBiasedMiddle(_min, _max):
r = lambda : random.uniform(-1, 1)
r1, r2 = r(), r()
bias = lambda _r: _r**3 * (_max - _min) / 2 + (_min + _max) / 2
return (bias(r1), bias(r2))
##########################################
class Spark:
def __init__(self, travel, position, rotation, scale):
self.position = list(position)
self.rotation = rotation
self.goTowards = (math.sin(rotation), math.cos(rotation))
self.scale = scale
self.speed = random.randint(70, 130) * scale
self.maxTravel = travel * self.scale * 2
self.maxAlpha = 150
self.minAlpha = 0
self.randomColor = random.choice((
(188, 98, 5),
(255, 215, 0),
(255, 127, 80),
(255, 140, 0)))
self.travelled = 0
self.makeSurface()
def shoot(self):
if self.travelled < self.maxTravel:
self.travelled += 5 #could use actual distance but performance :( . 5 seems to be a good fit tho
self.position[0] += self.goTowards[0] * (3/self.travelled) * self.speed
self.position[1] += self.goTowards[1] * (3/self.travelled) * self.speed
def makeSurface(self):
self.alpha = ((1 - (self.travelled / self.maxTravel)) * (self.maxAlpha - self.minAlpha)) + self.minAlpha
self.color = (*self.randomColor, self.alpha)
if self.alpha > 0:
self.surface = pygame.Surface((3, 15), pygame.SRCALPHA)
self.surface.fill(self.color)
self.surface = pygame.transform.rotate(self.surface, math.degrees(self.rotation))
def dead(self):
return self.alpha < 1
class SmokeParticle:
def __init__(self, position, distFromcentre, explosionRange, centre):
self.position = list(position)
self.distFromCentre = distFromcentre #distance from centre of explosion, not the cluster
self.possibleMoves = (
(-1, -1), (0, -1), (1, -1), (1, 0),
(1, 1), (0, 1), (-1, 1), (-1, 0)
)
self.blowSpeed = 2
self.blowDir = (self.position[0] - centre[0], self.position[1] - centre[1])
self.blowDir = (self.blowDir[0] / distFromcentre, self.blowDir[1] / distFromcentre)
self.blowDistance = math.hypot(*self.blowDir)
self.explosionRange = explosionRange
self.maxAlpha = 200
self.minAlpha = 80
self.cf = (255, 140, 0)#smoke color farthest from the explosion centre
self.cn = (20, 20, 20)#smoke color closest to the explosion centre
self.makeSurface()
def makeSurface(self):
self.alpha = ((1 - (self.distFromCentre / self.explosionRange)) * (self.maxAlpha - self.minAlpha)) + self.minAlpha
findColor = lambda c : max(0, min(((1 - (self.distFromCentre / self.explosionRange)) * (self.cf[c] - self.cn[c])) + self.cn[c], 255))
self.color = (findColor(0), findColor(1), findColor(2), self.alpha)
self.surface = pygame.Surface((8, 8), pygame.SRCALPHA)
if self.alpha > 0:
self.surface.fill(self.color)
def blowAway(self, dt):
move = random.choice(self.possibleMoves)
self.position[0] += move[0]
self.position[1] += move[1]
self.position[0] += self.blowDir[0] * self.blowSpeed
self.position[1] += self.blowDir[1] * self.blowSpeed
self.distFromCentre += self.blowDistance * self.blowSpeed
def dead(self):
return self.distFromCentre > self.explosionRange
class SmokeCluster:
def __init__(self, position, explosionRange, distFromCentre, centre):
self.particles = []
self.explosionRange = explosionRange
self.radius = 5
self.nParticels = 10
self.position = position
self.distFromCentre = distFromCentre
for i in range(self.nParticels):
randomPos = randomDistBiasedMiddle(-self.radius, self.radius)
pos = (self.position[0] + randomPos[0], self.position[1] + randomPos[1])
self.particles.append(SmokeParticle(pos, self.distFromCentre, self.explosionRange, centre))
def do(self, dt):
for particle in self.particles:
particle.blowAway(dt)
particle.makeSurface()
def removeDeadParticles(self):
self.particles = [particle for particle in self.particles if not particle.dead()]
def dead(self):
return not self.particles
class SmokeMass:
def __init__(self, explosionRange, mousePos):
self.clusters = []
self.explosionRange = explosionRange
self.nClusters = int(200 * (explosionRange * 0.1))
for i in range(self.nClusters):
randomPos = randomDistBiasedMiddle(-self.explosionRange, self.explosionRange)
clusterPos = (randomPos[0] + mousePos[0], randomPos[1] + mousePos[1])
self.clusters.append(SmokeCluster(clusterPos, self.explosionRange, math.dist(clusterPos, mousePos), mousePos))
def do(self, dt):
for cluster in self.clusters:
cluster.do(dt)
def removeDeadClusters(self):
for cluster in self.clusters:
cluster.removeDeadParticles()
self.clusters = [cluster for cluster in self.clusters if not cluster.dead()]
class ExplosionManager:
def __init__(self, scale):
self.sparks = []
self.smoke = []
self.scale = scale
self.cloudPatches = []
self.maxSpread = 100
self.removeSparkles = pygame.USEREVENT + 0
pygame.time.set_timer(self.removeSparkles, 2500)
def generateSparks(self, mousePos):
for i in range(int(self.scale * 20)):
rotation = random.uniform(0, 2 * math.pi)
self.sparks.append(Spark(self.maxSpread, mousePos, rotation, self.scale))
def generateSmoke(self, mousePos):
self.smoke.append(SmokeMass(200 * self.scale, mousePos))
def triggered(self, events):
for event in events:
if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
return True
def explode(self, dt):
for spark in self.sparks:
spark.shoot()
spark.makeSurface()
for s in self.smoke:
s.do(dt)
def removeDeadSparks(self, events):
for event in events:
if event.type == self.removeSparkles:
self.sparks = [spark for spark in self.sparks if not spark.dead()]
def removeDeadSmoke(self):
for s in self.smoke:
s.removeDeadClusters()
pygame.init()
winSize = (600, 600)
window = pygame.display.set_mode(winSize)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 100
explosionScale = 1
explosionScale = min(max(explosionScale, 0), 1)#because i never know what I will do
em = ExplosionManager(explosionScale)
while True:
events = pygame.event.get()
mousePos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
mousePressed = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
dt = clock.tick(fps) * 0.001
pygame.display.set_caption(f"FPS: {clock.get_fps()}")
gen = False
for event in events:
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
raise SystemExit
if em.triggered(events):
em.generateSparks(mousePos)
em.generateSmoke(mousePos)
em.explode(dt)
em.removeDeadSparks(events)
em.removeDeadSmoke()
window.fill((40, 50, 50))
drawExplosions(window, em)
pygame.display.flip()
一个明显的改进是不在每次移动时为每个粒子创建一个表面。仅创建一次 Surface 并在颜色变化时用新颜色填充它
class SmokeParticle:
def __init__(self, position, distFromcentre, explosionRange, centre):
# [...]
self.surface = pygame.Surface((8, 8), pygame.SRCALPHA)
self.color = None
self.makeSurface()
def makeSurface(self):
self.alpha = ((1 - (self.distFromCentre / self.explosionRange)) * (self.maxAlpha - self.minAlpha)) + self.minAlpha
findColor = lambda c : max(0, min(((1 - (self.distFromCentre / self.explosionRange)) * (self.cf[c] - self.cn[c])) + self.cn[c], 255))
color = (findColor(0), findColor(1), findColor(2), self.alpha)
if self.alpha > 0 and self.color != color:
self.color = color
self.surface.fill(self.color)
这仍然不足以提高性能，但会更好。