当异步任务为 运行 时，如何防止 tkinter Gui 冻结？
How can I prevent a tkinter Gui from freezing while an async task is running?
我想用 tkinter 创建一个非阻塞的 Gui。到目前为止，我所看到的方式是，您可以像使用多进程一样进行操作。但是现在我有一个问题，我想用新创建的线程再次访问 gui 的主循环，我总是在这里出错。你能在两个线程之间来回跳转还是有其他不阻塞 Gui 的方法？
import asyncio
import tkinter as tk
import multiprocessing as mp
class pseudo_example():
def app(self):
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.root.minsize(100,100)
start_button = tk.Button(self.root, text="start", command=lambda: mp.Process(target=self.create_await_fun).start())
start_button.pack() #
self.testfield = tk.Label(self.root, text="test")
self.testfield.pack()
#self.root.update_idletasks()
self.root.mainloop()
def create_await_fun(self):
asyncio.run(self.await_fun())
async def await_fun(self):
self.root.update_idletasks()
self.testfield["text"] = "start waiting"
await asyncio.sleep(2)
self.testfield["text"] = "end waiting"
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
gui = pseudo_example()
gui.app()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Interrupted")
sys.exit()
错误信息：
[xcb] 处理队列时序列号未知
[xcb] 很可能这是一个多线程客户端并且尚未调用 XInitThreads
[xcb] 中止，对此感到抱歉。
XIO: X 服务器“:0”上的致命 IO 错误 0（成功）
在 401 个请求（已知已处理 401 个）后，剩余 0 个事件。
python3.8: ../../src/xcb_io.c:259: poll_for_event: 断言 `!xcb_xlib_threads_sequence_lost' 失败。
我知道存在 after() 方法，但我不知道如何在不启动 asyncio 任务的情况下将它与 asyncio 一起使用。 Asyncio 在最小示例中是不必要的，但我需要它用于另一个应用程序。
Tkinter 不支持 multi-task/multithreading。
您可以使用 mtTkinter，它在使用 multi-tasking 时提供线程安全：https://pypi.org/project/mttkinter/
您也可以使用队列系统在两个函数之间传输数据，但是您不能对跨越两个线程的 tkinter 对象执行任何操作。
不知道这是否有帮助。可能比使用 asyncio 更好。
ItzTheDodo.
我一般用队列，我给你放一个sample.In掩码你会
在状态栏上查看更改时间，该时间由单独的线程管理
并通过咨询线程尾部，查看 class 时钟，同时您可以使用不带掩码的各种按钮 freezing.I 认为您可以从这个示例中获得灵感。
#!/usr/bin/python3
import sys
import threading
import queue
import datetime
import time
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox
class Clock(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.queue = queue.Queue()
self.check = True
def stop(self):
self.check = False
def run(self):
"""Feeds the tail."""
while self.check:
s = "Astral date: "
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
msg = "{0} {1}".format(s, t)
time.sleep(1)
self.queue.put(msg)
def check_queue(self, obj):
"""Returns a formatted string representing time.
obj in this case is the statusbar text"""
while self.queue.qsize():
try:
x = self.queue.get(0)
msg = "{0}".format(x)
obj.set(msg)
except queue.Empty:
pass
class Main(ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, ):
super().__init__(name="main")
self.parent = parent
self.text = tk.StringVar()
self.spins = tk.IntVar()
self.option = tk.IntVar()
self.check = tk.BooleanVar()
self.values = ('Apple','Banana','Orange')
self.status_bar_text = tk.StringVar()
self.init_status_bar()
self.init_ui()
def init_status_bar(self):
self.status = tk.Label(self,
textvariable=self.status_bar_text,
bd=1,
relief=tk.SUNKEN,
anchor=tk.W)
self.status.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.X)
def init_ui(self):
f0 = ttk.Frame(self)
f1 = ttk.Frame(f0,)
ttk.Label(f1, text = "Combobox").pack()
self.cbCombo = ttk.Combobox(f1,state='readonly',values=self.values)
self.cbCombo.pack()
ttk.Label(f1, text = "Entry").pack()
self.txTest = ttk.Entry(f1, textvariable=self.text).pack()
ttk.Label(f1, text = "Spinbox").pack()
tk.Spinbox(f1, from_=0, to=15, textvariable= self.spins).pack()
ttk.Label(f1, text="Checkbutton:").pack()
ttk.Checkbutton(f1,
onvalue=1,
offvalue=0,
variable=self.check).pack()
ttk.Label(f1, text="Radiobutton:").pack()
for index, text in enumerate(self.values):
ttk.Radiobutton(f1,
text=text,
variable=self.option,
value=index,).pack()
ttk.Label(f1, text="Listbox:").pack()
self.ListBox = tk.Listbox(f1)
self.ListBox.pack()
self.ListBox.bind("<<ListboxSelect>>", self.on_listbox_select)
self.ListBox.bind("<Double-Button-1>", self.on_listbox_double_button)
f2 = ttk.Frame(f0,)
bts = [("Callback", 7, self.on_callback, "<Alt-k>"),
("Args", 0, self.on_args, "<Alt-a>"),
("kwargs", 1, self.on_kwargs, "<Alt-w>"),
("Set", 0, self.on_set, "<Alt-s>"),
("Reset", 0, self.on_reset, "<Alt-r>"),
("Close", 0, self.on_close, "<Alt-c>")]
for btn in bts:
ttk.Button(f2,
text=btn[0],
underline=btn[1],
command = btn[2]).pack(fill=tk.X, padx=5, pady=5)
self.parent.bind(btn[3], btn[2])
f1.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
f2.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y, expand=0)
f0.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
def on_open(self):
self.periodic_call()
def on_callback(self, evt=None):
print ("self.cbCombo = {}".format(self.cbCombo.get()))
print ("self.text = {}".format(self.text.get()))
print ("self.spins = {}".format(self.spins.get()))
print ("self.check = {}".format(self.check.get()))
print ("self.option = {}".format(self.option.get()))
if self.ListBox.curselection():
print("ListBox.curselection = {}".format(self.ListBox.curselection()[0]))
else:
print("{0}".format("No selected item on listbox"))
def on_args(self, evt=None):
print("args type: {}".format(type(self.master.args)))
for p, i in enumerate(self.master.args):
print(p, i)
def on_kwargs(self, evt=None):
print("kwargs type: {}".format(type(self.master.kwargs)))
for k, v in self.master.kwargs.items():
print("{0}:{1}".format(k,v))
def on_reset(self, evt=None):
self.text.set('')
self.spins.set(0)
self.check.set(0)
def on_set(self, evt=None):
self.cbCombo.current(1)
self.text.set('qwerty')
self.spins.set(42)
self.check.set(1)
self.option.set(1)
self.ListBox.delete(0, tk.END)
for i in self.values:
s = "{0}".format(i,)
self.ListBox.insert(tk.END, s)
self.ListBox.selection_set(1)
def on_listbox_select(self, evt=None):
if self.ListBox.curselection():
index = self.ListBox.curselection()
s = self.ListBox.get(index[0])
print("on_listbox_select: index = {0} values = {1}".format(index, s))
def on_listbox_double_button(self, evt=None):
if self.ListBox.curselection():
index = self.ListBox.curselection()
s = self.ListBox.get(index[0])
print("on_listbox_double_button: index = {0} values = {1}".format(index, s))
def periodic_call(self):
"""This funciont check the data returned from the clock class queue."""
self.parent.clock.check_queue(self.status_bar_text)
if self.parent.clock.is_alive():
self.after(1, self.periodic_call)
else:
pass
def on_close(self, evt=None):
self.parent.on_exit()
class App(tk.Tk):
"""Main Application start here"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__()
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.on_exit)
self.set_style(kwargs["style"])
self.set_title(kwargs["title"])
self.resizable(width=False, height=False)
#start clock on a separate thread...
self.set_clock()
w = Main(self)
w.on_open()
w.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
def set_clock(self,):
self.clock = self.get_clock()
self.clock.start()
def get_clock(self,):
"""Instance the clock."""
return Clock()
def set_style(self, which):
self.style = ttk.Style()
self.style.theme_use(which)
def set_title(self, title):
s = "{0}".format(title)
self.title(s)
def on_exit(self):
"""Close all"""
msg = "Do you want to quit?"
if messagebox.askokcancel(self.title(), msg, parent=self):
#stop the thread
if self.clock is not None:
self.clock.stop()
self.destroy()
def main():
args = []
for i in sys.argv:
args.append(i)
#('winnative', 'clam', 'alt', 'default', 'classic', 'vista', 'xpnative')
kwargs = {"style":"clam", "title":"Simple App",}
app = App(*args, **kwargs)
app.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
关于 我解决了我的问题。我已经创建了一个额外的线程，以便 GUI 和函数都可以在其中执行它们。
class pseudo_example():
def app(self,async_loop):
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.root.minsize(100,100)
self.start_button = tk.Button(self.root, text="start", command=lambda: self.create_await_fun(async_loop))
self.start_button.pack()
self.testfield = tk.Label(self.root, text="output")
self.testfield.pack()
self.root.mainloop()
def create_await_fun(self,async_loop):
threading.Thread(target=self.asyncio_thread, args=(async_loop,)).start()
self.start_button["relief"] = "sunken"
self.start_button["state"] = "disabled"
def asyncio_thread(self, async_loop):
async_loop.run_until_complete(self.await_fun())
async def await_fun(self):
self.testfield["text"] = "start waiting"
self.root.update_idletasks()
await asyncio.sleep(2)
self.testfield["text"] = "end waiting"
self.root.update_idletasks()
await asyncio.sleep(1)
self.testfield["text"] = "output"
self.root.update_idletasks()
self.start_button["relief"] = "raised"
self.start_button["state"] = "normal"
if __name__ == '__main__':
gui = pseudo_example()
async_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
gui.app(async_loop)
我想用 tkinter 创建一个非阻塞的 Gui。到目前为止，我所看到的方式是，您可以像使用多进程一样进行操作。但是现在我有一个问题，我想用新创建的线程再次访问 gui 的主循环，我总是在这里出错。你能在两个线程之间来回跳转还是有其他不阻塞 Gui 的方法？
import asyncio
import tkinter as tk
import multiprocessing as mp
class pseudo_example():
def app(self):
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.root.minsize(100,100)
start_button = tk.Button(self.root, text="start", command=lambda: mp.Process(target=self.create_await_fun).start())
start_button.pack() #
self.testfield = tk.Label(self.root, text="test")
self.testfield.pack()
#self.root.update_idletasks()
self.root.mainloop()
def create_await_fun(self):
asyncio.run(self.await_fun())
async def await_fun(self):
self.root.update_idletasks()
self.testfield["text"] = "start waiting"
await asyncio.sleep(2)
self.testfield["text"] = "end waiting"
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
gui = pseudo_example()
gui.app()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Interrupted")
sys.exit()
错误信息：
[xcb] 处理队列时序列号未知 [xcb] 很可能这是一个多线程客户端并且尚未调用 XInitThreads [xcb] 中止，对此感到抱歉。 XIO: X 服务器“:0”上的致命 IO 错误 0（成功） 在 401 个请求（已知已处理 401 个）后，剩余 0 个事件。 python3.8: ../../src/xcb_io.c:259: poll_for_event: 断言 `!xcb_xlib_threads_sequence_lost' 失败。
我知道存在 after() 方法，但我不知道如何在不启动 asyncio 任务的情况下将它与 asyncio 一起使用。 Asyncio 在最小示例中是不必要的，但我需要它用于另一个应用程序。
Tkinter 不支持 multi-task/multithreading。 您可以使用 mtTkinter，它在使用 multi-tasking 时提供线程安全：https://pypi.org/project/mttkinter/
您也可以使用队列系统在两个函数之间传输数据，但是您不能对跨越两个线程的 tkinter 对象执行任何操作。
不知道这是否有帮助。可能比使用 asyncio 更好。
ItzTheDodo.
我一般用队列，我给你放一个sample.In掩码你会 在状态栏上查看更改时间，该时间由单独的线程管理 并通过咨询线程尾部，查看 class 时钟，同时您可以使用不带掩码的各种按钮 freezing.I 认为您可以从这个示例中获得灵感。
#!/usr/bin/python3
import sys
import threading
import queue
import datetime
import time
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox
class Clock(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.queue = queue.Queue()
self.check = True
def stop(self):
self.check = False
def run(self):
"""Feeds the tail."""
while self.check:
s = "Astral date: "
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
msg = "{0} {1}".format(s, t)
time.sleep(1)
self.queue.put(msg)
def check_queue(self, obj):
"""Returns a formatted string representing time.
obj in this case is the statusbar text"""
while self.queue.qsize():
try:
x = self.queue.get(0)
msg = "{0}".format(x)
obj.set(msg)
except queue.Empty:
pass
class Main(ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, ):
super().__init__(name="main")
self.parent = parent
self.text = tk.StringVar()
self.spins = tk.IntVar()
self.option = tk.IntVar()
self.check = tk.BooleanVar()
self.values = ('Apple','Banana','Orange')
self.status_bar_text = tk.StringVar()
self.init_status_bar()
self.init_ui()
def init_status_bar(self):
self.status = tk.Label(self,
textvariable=self.status_bar_text,
bd=1,
relief=tk.SUNKEN,
anchor=tk.W)
self.status.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.X)
def init_ui(self):
f0 = ttk.Frame(self)
f1 = ttk.Frame(f0,)
ttk.Label(f1, text = "Combobox").pack()
self.cbCombo = ttk.Combobox(f1,state='readonly',values=self.values)
self.cbCombo.pack()
ttk.Label(f1, text = "Entry").pack()
self.txTest = ttk.Entry(f1, textvariable=self.text).pack()
ttk.Label(f1, text = "Spinbox").pack()
tk.Spinbox(f1, from_=0, to=15, textvariable= self.spins).pack()
ttk.Label(f1, text="Checkbutton:").pack()
ttk.Checkbutton(f1,
onvalue=1,
offvalue=0,
variable=self.check).pack()
ttk.Label(f1, text="Radiobutton:").pack()
for index, text in enumerate(self.values):
ttk.Radiobutton(f1,
text=text,
variable=self.option,
value=index,).pack()
ttk.Label(f1, text="Listbox:").pack()
self.ListBox = tk.Listbox(f1)
self.ListBox.pack()
self.ListBox.bind("<<ListboxSelect>>", self.on_listbox_select)
self.ListBox.bind("<Double-Button-1>", self.on_listbox_double_button)
f2 = ttk.Frame(f0,)
bts = [("Callback", 7, self.on_callback, "<Alt-k>"),
("Args", 0, self.on_args, "<Alt-a>"),
("kwargs", 1, self.on_kwargs, "<Alt-w>"),
("Set", 0, self.on_set, "<Alt-s>"),
("Reset", 0, self.on_reset, "<Alt-r>"),
("Close", 0, self.on_close, "<Alt-c>")]
for btn in bts:
ttk.Button(f2,
text=btn[0],
underline=btn[1],
command = btn[2]).pack(fill=tk.X, padx=5, pady=5)
self.parent.bind(btn[3], btn[2])
f1.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
f2.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y, expand=0)
f0.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
def on_open(self):
self.periodic_call()
def on_callback(self, evt=None):
print ("self.cbCombo = {}".format(self.cbCombo.get()))
print ("self.text = {}".format(self.text.get()))
print ("self.spins = {}".format(self.spins.get()))
print ("self.check = {}".format(self.check.get()))
print ("self.option = {}".format(self.option.get()))
if self.ListBox.curselection():
print("ListBox.curselection = {}".format(self.ListBox.curselection()[0]))
else:
print("{0}".format("No selected item on listbox"))
def on_args(self, evt=None):
print("args type: {}".format(type(self.master.args)))
for p, i in enumerate(self.master.args):
print(p, i)
def on_kwargs(self, evt=None):
print("kwargs type: {}".format(type(self.master.kwargs)))
for k, v in self.master.kwargs.items():
print("{0}:{1}".format(k,v))
def on_reset(self, evt=None):
self.text.set('')
self.spins.set(0)
self.check.set(0)
def on_set(self, evt=None):
self.cbCombo.current(1)
self.text.set('qwerty')
self.spins.set(42)
self.check.set(1)
self.option.set(1)
self.ListBox.delete(0, tk.END)
for i in self.values:
s = "{0}".format(i,)
self.ListBox.insert(tk.END, s)
self.ListBox.selection_set(1)
def on_listbox_select(self, evt=None):
if self.ListBox.curselection():
index = self.ListBox.curselection()
s = self.ListBox.get(index[0])
print("on_listbox_select: index = {0} values = {1}".format(index, s))
def on_listbox_double_button(self, evt=None):
if self.ListBox.curselection():
index = self.ListBox.curselection()
s = self.ListBox.get(index[0])
print("on_listbox_double_button: index = {0} values = {1}".format(index, s))
def periodic_call(self):
"""This funciont check the data returned from the clock class queue."""
self.parent.clock.check_queue(self.status_bar_text)
if self.parent.clock.is_alive():
self.after(1, self.periodic_call)
else:
pass
def on_close(self, evt=None):
self.parent.on_exit()
class App(tk.Tk):
"""Main Application start here"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__()
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.on_exit)
self.set_style(kwargs["style"])
self.set_title(kwargs["title"])
self.resizable(width=False, height=False)
#start clock on a separate thread...
self.set_clock()
w = Main(self)
w.on_open()
w.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
def set_clock(self,):
self.clock = self.get_clock()
self.clock.start()
def get_clock(self,):
"""Instance the clock."""
return Clock()
def set_style(self, which):
self.style = ttk.Style()
self.style.theme_use(which)
def set_title(self, title):
s = "{0}".format(title)
self.title(s)
def on_exit(self):
"""Close all"""
msg = "Do you want to quit?"
if messagebox.askokcancel(self.title(), msg, parent=self):
#stop the thread
if self.clock is not None:
self.clock.stop()
self.destroy()
def main():
args = []
for i in sys.argv:
args.append(i)
#('winnative', 'clam', 'alt', 'default', 'classic', 'vista', 'xpnative')
kwargs = {"style":"clam", "title":"Simple App",}
app = App(*args, **kwargs)
app.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
关于
class pseudo_example():
def app(self,async_loop):
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.root.minsize(100,100)
self.start_button = tk.Button(self.root, text="start", command=lambda: self.create_await_fun(async_loop))
self.start_button.pack()
self.testfield = tk.Label(self.root, text="output")
self.testfield.pack()
self.root.mainloop()
def create_await_fun(self,async_loop):
threading.Thread(target=self.asyncio_thread, args=(async_loop,)).start()
self.start_button["relief"] = "sunken"
self.start_button["state"] = "disabled"
def asyncio_thread(self, async_loop):
async_loop.run_until_complete(self.await_fun())
async def await_fun(self):
self.testfield["text"] = "start waiting"
self.root.update_idletasks()
await asyncio.sleep(2)
self.testfield["text"] = "end waiting"
self.root.update_idletasks()
await asyncio.sleep(1)
self.testfield["text"] = "output"
self.root.update_idletasks()
self.start_button["relief"] = "raised"
self.start_button["state"] = "normal"
if __name__ == '__main__':
gui = pseudo_example()
async_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
gui.app(async_loop)