C# 从数组中访问字典值

C# Access Dictionary value from array

比如说,我有一个未确定长度的 string[] 和一个 Dictionary<string, object>,其中包含更多与其确切类型(或其他类型,这在这里无关紧要)的词典。

现在我想根据我的字符串数组更改字典中 DictionaryDictionary 中的值。

这是一个小可视化:

string[]: { "Human", "Legs", "Walking" }
Dictionary: 
   ↳ Key "Human":
       ↳ Key "Legs":
           ↳ Key "Walking"

我想在这个例子中设置键“Walking”的值(让我们说 true

现在我的问题是:如何在 C# 中实现这个?

任何答案将不胜感激,如果我想多了,请原谅。

因为你对 TValue 使用 Object,所以你需要使用 x is T v 运算符来测试 Object 是否是另一个字典,例如if( x is Dictionary<String,Object> dict ).

这里的困难是你不能将 x is T v 与 strongly-typed T 一起使用,因为 IReadOnlyDictionary<K,V>V 不协变,即使你知道 K 是什么(因为 C# 和 .NET 不支持 partially-closed 泛型)。

...但是如果你不 need/want exactly-typed 类型并且假设你的图表中的 all 字典对象总是 exactly Dictionary<String,Object>(而不是Dictionary<String,Int32>Dictionary<String,String>)那么你可以这样做:

String[] dictPath = new[] { "Human", "Legs", "Walking" };

Dictionary<String,Object> dictGraph = ...

Object humanLegsWalkingValue = GetValueAtPath( dictGraph, dictPath );

//

static Object? GetValueAtPath( Dictionary<String,Object> root, String[] dictPath )
{
    List<String> breadcrumbs = new List<String>(); // For reporting errors.
    
    Dictionary<String,Object> current = root;
    foreach( String name in dictPath )
    {
        breadcrumbs.Add( name );
    
        if( current.TryGetValue( name, out Object? value ) )
        {
            if( value is Dictionary<String,Object> dict )
            {
                current = dict;
            }
            else
            {
                if( breadcrumbs.Count == dictPath.Length )
                {
                    return value;
                }
                else
                {
                    String valueType = value is null ? "null" : value.GetType().FullName;
                    const String MSG_FMT = "Value at \"{0}\" is not a dictionary but is actually {1}, therefore \"{2}\" is unreachable."

                    throw new InvalidOperationException( String.Format( MSG_FMT, String.Join( ".", breadcrumbs ), valueType, String.Join( ".", dictPath ) ) );
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            const String MSG_FMT = "Could not find name \"{0}\" at \"{1}\" therefore \"{2}\" is unreachable."

            throw new KeyNotFoundException( String.Format( MSG_FMT, name, String.Join( ".", breadcrumbs ), String.Join( ".", dictPath ) ) );
        }
    } 

}

设置一个值,它使用几乎完全相同的逻辑来遍历dictionary-graph,除了它停止1 -dictPath 末尾的一步,并使用它在 current 中设置一个条目:

static void SetValueAtPath( Dictionary<String,Object> root, String[] dictPath, Object newValue )
{
    List<String> breadcrumbs = new List<String>(); // For reporting errors.
    
    Dictionary<String,Object> current = root;
    foreach( ( String name, Int32 idx ) in dictPath.Select( ( n, i ) => ( n, i ) ) )
    {
        breadcrumbs.Add( name );
    
        if( idx == dictPath.Length - 1 )
        {
            current[ name ] = newValue;
            return;
        }
        else if( current.TryGetValue( name, out Object? value ) )
        {
            if( value is Dictionary<String,Object> dict )
            {
                current = dict;
            }
            else
            {
                String valueType = value is null ? "null" : value.GetType().FullName;
                const String MSG_FMT = "Value at \"{0}\" is not a dictionary but is actually {1}, therefore {2} is unreachable."

                throw new InvalidOperationException( String.Format( MSG_FMT, String.Join( ".", breadcrumbs ), valueType, String.Join( ".", dictPath ) );
            }
        }
        else
        {
            const String MSG_FMT = "Could not find name \"{0}\" at \"{1}\" therefore \"{2}\" is unreachable."

            throw new KeyNotFoundException( String.Format( MSG_FMT, name, String.Join( ".", breadcrumbs ), String.Join( ".", dictPath ) ) );
        }
    } 

}

这可能不是对您问题的(直接)回答:


string[] strs = new string[] { "Human", "Legs", "Walking" };

Dictionary<string,string> dict = new Dictionary<string, string>();

for(int i=0; i<strs.Length; i++) {
    dict.Add(strs[i],(i>0?strs[i-1]:""));
}

string find = "Human";

if(dict.ContainsKey(find)) {
    System.Console.WriteLine($"Hello: {find}");
    foreach (var item in dict.Where(x=>x.Value==find))
    {
        System.Console.WriteLine($"You have: {item.Key}");
        foreach (var item2 in dict.Where(x=>x.Value==item.Key)) 
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine($"Which can make you: {item2.Key}");
        }
    }
}
else
{
    System.Console.WriteLine($"Could not find: {find}");
}

输出:

Hello: Human
You have: Legs
Which can make you: Walking

注意:目前还不清楚为什么你的问题标题有 Dictionary 并且你开始定义一个数组 (string[])。