为什么 long 和 decimal 之间的 Equals 不可交换？

Question

我在 linqpad 中运行有这个代码：

    long x = long.MaxValue;
    decimal y = x;

    x.Dump();
    y.Dump();

    (x == y).Dump();
    (y == x).Dump();

    Object.Equals(x, y).Dump();
    Object.Equals(y, x).Dump();
    x.Equals(y).Dump();
    y.Equals(x).Dump();

它产生这个输出：

    9223372036854775807
    9223372036854775807
    True
    True
    False
    False
    False
    True

注意最后两行：x.Equals(y) 为假，但 y.Equals(x) 为真。所以 decimal 认为自己等于具有相同值的 long 但 long 不认为自己等于具有相同值的 decimal.

对此行为的解释是什么？

更新：

我接受了李的回答。

我对此很好奇，写了这个小程序：

using System;
namespace TestConversion
{
  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      long x = long.MaxValue;
      decimal y = x;

      Console.WriteLine(x);
      Console.WriteLine(y);

      Console.WriteLine(x == y);
      Console.WriteLine(y == x);

      Console.WriteLine(Object.Equals(x, y));
      Console.WriteLine(Object.Equals(y, x));
      Console.WriteLine(x.Equals(y));
      Console.WriteLine(y.Equals(x));
      Console.ReadKey();
    }
  }
}

然后我在 IL 中反汇编了：

.method private hidebysig static void Main(string[] args) cil managed
{
  .entrypoint
  .maxstack 2
  .locals init (
    [0] int64 x,
    [1] valuetype [mscorlib]System.Decimal y)
  L_0000: nop 
  L_0001: ldc.i8 9223372036854775807
  L_000a: stloc.0 
  L_000b: ldloc.0 
  L_000c: call valuetype [mscorlib]System.Decimal [mscorlib]System.Decimal::op_Implicit(int64)
  L_0011: stloc.1 
  L_0012: ldloc.0 
  L_0013: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(int64)
  L_0018: nop 
  L_0019: ldloc.1 
  L_001a: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(valuetype [mscorlib]System.Decimal)
  L_001f: nop 
  L_0020: ldloc.0 
  L_0021: call valuetype [mscorlib]System.Decimal [mscorlib]System.Decimal::op_Implicit(int64)
  L_0026: ldloc.1 
  L_0027: call bool [mscorlib]System.Decimal::op_Equality(valuetype [mscorlib]System.Decimal, valuetype [mscorlib]System.Decimal)
  L_002c: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(bool)
  L_0031: nop 
  L_0032: ldloc.1 
  L_0033: ldloc.0 
  L_0034: call valuetype [mscorlib]System.Decimal [mscorlib]System.Decimal::op_Implicit(int64)
  L_0039: call bool [mscorlib]System.Decimal::op_Equality(valuetype [mscorlib]System.Decimal, valuetype [mscorlib]System.Decimal)
  L_003e: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(bool)
  L_0043: nop 
  L_0044: ldloc.0 
  L_0045: box int64
  L_004a: ldloc.1 
  L_004b: box [mscorlib]System.Decimal
  L_0050: call bool [mscorlib]System.Object::Equals(object, object)
  L_0055: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(bool)
  L_005a: nop 
  L_005b: ldloc.1 
  L_005c: box [mscorlib]System.Decimal
  L_0061: ldloc.0 
  L_0062: box int64
  L_0067: call bool [mscorlib]System.Object::Equals(object, object)
  L_006c: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(bool)
  L_0071: nop 
  L_0072: ldloca.s x
  L_0074: ldloc.1 
  L_0075: box [mscorlib]System.Decimal
  L_007a: call instance bool [mscorlib]System.Int64::Equals(object)
  L_007f: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(bool)
  L_0084: nop 
  L_0085: ldloca.s y
  L_0087: ldloc.0 
  L_0088: call valuetype [mscorlib]System.Decimal [mscorlib]System.Decimal::op_Implicit(int64)
  L_008d: call instance bool [mscorlib]System.Decimal::Equals(valuetype [mscorlib]System.Decimal)
  L_0092: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(bool)
  L_0097: nop 
  L_0098: call valuetype [mscorlib]System.ConsoleKeyInfo [mscorlib]System.Console::ReadKey()
  L_009d: pop 
  L_009e: ret 
}

确实可以看到long值转为十进制

谢谢大家！

Answer 1

您正在比较对象引用和值。引用当然不一样 - 除了您在第 2 行明确设置的引用。但是值是。

C# 自动为您管理指针（例如 "Referencing memory"）。您正在访问最初从语法中不明显的层。这就是C#的本质。

Answer 2

隐式与显式转换。

来自MSDN：

Implicit conversions: No special syntax is required because the conversion is type safe and no data will be lost. Examples include conversions from smaller to larger integral types, and conversions from derived classes to base classes.

Explicit conversions (casts): Explicit conversions require a cast operator. Casting is required when information might be lost in the conversion, or when the conversion might not succeed for other reasons. Typical examples include numeric conversion to a type that has less precision or a smaller range, and conversion of a base-class instance to a derived class.

long 很容易转换为 decimal，但反之则不然，所以求值失败。

Answer 3

发生这种情况是因为在

y.Equals(x);

正在调用 decimal.Equals(decimal) 重载，因为 long 和 decimal 之间有一个 implicit conversion。结果比较 returns true.

但是，由于没有从 decimal 到 long

的隐式转换

x.Equals(y)

调用 long.Equals(object) 导致 y 被装箱和比较 returns false 因为它不能被拆箱成一个 long。

为什么 long 和 decimal 之间的 Equals 不可交换？

Why is Equals between long and decimal not commutative?

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