使用带有 Selenium 的 XPath 打开新选项卡并从该选项卡中获取内容时出错

Question

我在 python 中使用 Selenium。我有 hyperlinks 的列表，我从那里迭代每个 hyperlink 并在新选项卡中打开特定的 link，然后使用 Keys.CONTROL + Keys.SHIFT + Keys.RETURN. 将焦点放在新选项卡上

不幸的是，在新选项卡上使用 xpath 选择时，在新选项卡中打开 link 失败：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep  

list_links = self.driver(By.XPATH, "//a/" )
for link in list_links:
    link.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.SHIFT + Keys.RETURN) #Open new Tab

    #get text from new tab webpage.
    sleep(50)
    data = self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//span/" ).text #ERROR
    print data

我可以打开新标签并将焦点设置到新标签（这似乎有效）。但是当我尝试在新选项卡上使用 XPath 时，它会抛出：

NoSuchElementException: Message: no such element.

即使该元素在那里可用。我不知道我在这里做错了什么。任何帮助都将不胜感激。

Answer 1

复制以下代码 from this link 并显示一些额外的步骤，说明如何将焦点切换到另一个选项卡。试一试：

browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('https://www.google.com?q=python#q=python')
first_result = ui.WebDriverWait(browser, 15).until(lambda browser: browser.find_element_by_class_name('rc'))
first_link = first_result.find_element_by_tag_name('a')

# Save the window opener (current window, do not mistaken with tab... not the same)
main_window = browser.current_window_handle

# Open the link in a new tab by sending key strokes on the element
# Use: Keys.CONTROL + Keys.SHIFT + Keys.RETURN to open tab on top of the stack 
first_link.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.RETURN)

# Switch tab to the new tab, which we will assume is the next one on the right
browser.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.TAB)

# Put focus on current window which will, in fact, put focus on the current visible tab
browser.switch_to_window(main_window)

# do whatever you have to do on this page, we will just got to sleep for now
sleep(2)

# Close current tab
browser.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + 'w')

# alternatively, use this, but it was reported that it doesn't always work
# driver.close()

# Put focus on current window which will be the window opener
browser.switch_to_window(main_window)

如果您使用的是 Mac，这可能不起作用，但在评论中也给出了解决方法。

或者，this SO answer 有另一种解决方法，即使用选项卡的 window 名称。

更新：如评论中所述，用户使用 Linux（不在 OP 中）。使用以下组合键代替上面代码中提到的默认组合：Keys.CONTROL + Keys.SHIFT + Keys.RETURN.

Answer 2

下面的代码是在新标签页中打开一个link并且将焦点放在新打开的标签页和从新打开的选项卡中获取 XPATH。

#Set current_window_handle to main tab
main_tab = driver.current_window_handle

# Get all links
list_links = self.driver(By.XPATH, "//a/" )

#Iterate over links
for element in list_links:

  # Open link in new tab 
  link.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.SHIFT + Keys.RETURN)

  # Switch focus to newly opened tab using driver.window_handles[1]
  # driver.window_handles[1] => [1] for new tab index.
  driver.switch_to_window(driver.window_handles[1])

  /*** Do something OR Grabbing content using XPATH ***/

  #Now close newly opened tab
  driver.close()

  #Again switch to main tab/ previous tab
  driver.switch_to_window(main_tab)

使用带有 Selenium 的 XPath 打开新选项卡并从该选项卡中获取内容时出错

Error when opening new tab and grabbing content from that tab using XPath with Selenium

python

selenium

tabs

xpath