R:从字符串的开头删除前导零

R: Remove leading zeroes from the beginning of a character string

我首先提到了 this question,但答案对我没有帮助。

我有一个列表,其中每个组件都包含以数字开头、后跟单词(字符)的元素。元素开头的一些数字有一个或多个前导零。这是列表的一小部分:

x <- list(el1 = c("0010 First",
                  "0200 Second",
                  "0300 Third",
                  "4000 Fourth",
                  "0 Undefined",
                  "60838 Random",
                  "903200 Haphazard"),
          el2 = c("0100 Hundredth",
                  "0200 Two hundredth",
                  "0300 Three hundredth",
                  "0040 Fortieth",
                  "0 Undefined",
                  "949848 Random",
                  "202626 Haphazard"),
          el3 = c("0010 First",
                  "0200 Second",
                  "0300 Third",
                  "0100 Hundredth",
                  "0200 Two hundredth",
                  "0300 Three hundredth",
                  "0 Undefined",
                  "60838 Random",
                  "20200 Haphazard"))

我想要实现的是删除可用的前导零,并且在 0 Undefined 的开头仍然有单个零以及所有​​其他不以前导零开头的元素。也就是说,要有如下列表:

x <- list(el1 = c("10 First",
                  "200 Second",
                  "300 Third",
                  "4000 Fourth",
                  "0 Undefined",
                  "60838 Random",
                  "903200 Haphazard"),
          el2 = c("100 Hundredth",
                  "200 Two hundredth",
                  "300 Three hundredth",
                  "40 Fortieth",
                  "0 Undefined",
                  "949848 Random",
                  "202626 Haphazard"),
          el3 = c("10 First",
                  "200 Second",
                  "300 Third",
                  "100 Hundredth",
                  "200 Two hundredth",
                  "300 Three hundredth",
                  "0 Undefined",
                  "60838 Random",
                  "20200 Haphazard"))

我已经进行了几个小时了,但没有成功。我能做的最好的是:

lapply(x, function(i) {
  ifelse(grep(pattern = "^0+[1-9]", x = i),
         gsub(pattern = "^0+", replacement = "", x = i), i)
})

但是,它只是 returns 列表组件中有前导零的那些元素,而不是没有和也没有 0 Undefined 的其余元素。

有人可以帮忙吗?

我们遍历 list (lapply(x, ..)),使用 sub 替换 list 元素中的前导零。我们匹配字符串开头的多个零之一 (^0+),后跟由正则表达式前瞻 ((?=[1-9])) 指定的数字 1-9,并将其替换为 ''.

lapply(x, function(y) sub('^0+(?=[1-9])', '', y, perl=TRUE))

或者正如@hwnd 在评论中提到的那样,我们可以使用捕获组,即代替 lookahead

lapply(x, function(y) sub('^0+([1-9])', '\1', y))

或者不使用匿名函数,我们可以指定sub

patternreplacement参数
lapply(x, sub, pattern='^0+([1-9])', replacement='\1')