与 SQL 数据透视查询语法作斗争

Question

谁能告诉我我的 SQL 出了什么问题，今天遇到这个问题。错误是：

Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 11

Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'select'.

Msg 102, Level 15, State 1, Line 11

Incorrect syntax near ')'.

SELECT *
FROM (
    SELECT 
        left(datename(month,TransactionDateTime),3) as [month], year(TransactionDateTime) as [year],
        count(*) as Total 
    FROM quotations
) as s
PIVOT
(
    SUM(Total)
    FOR [year] IN (select distinct year(TransactionDateTime) from quotations)
) AS pivot

我所追求的形状是...如此年作为列名，然后每个月 12 行。下面只是为了说明形状

        //   var data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
        //  ['Month', '2013', '2014', '2015'],
        //  ['Jan', 10, 30, 31],
        //  ['Feb', 11, 30, 32],
        //]);

Answer 1

数据透视的语法如下(From TechNet):

PIVOT
(
    <aggregation function>(<column being aggregated>)
FOR
[<column that contains the values that will become column headers>]
    IN ( [first pivoted column], [second pivoted column], ... [last pivoted column])
) AS <alias for the pivot table>

您可以看到在 IN 子句中应该有包含在 [] 中的列名，如果列名是动态的，这可能是一个问题。使用动态 SQL 可以轻松解决此问题。

这是一个例子：

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

SET @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' + QUOTENAME(year(TransactionDateTime))
            FROM Quotations
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')

SET @query = 
    'SELECT *
    FROM (
        SELECT 
            left(datename(month,TransactionDateTime),3) as [month], year(TransactionDateTime) as [year],
            count(*) as Total 
        FROM quotations
    ) as s
    PIVOT
    (
        SUM(Total)
        FOR [year] IN (' + @cols + ')
    ) AS pivot'

EXECUTE(@query)

我不知道您的架构是什么，因此 table/column 名称可能有误。如果这没有帮助，如果您共享您的架构和示例数据，我可以更精确。

Answer 2

问题出在您查询的以下部分

(select distinct year(TransactionDateTime) from quotations)

您需要在 in 子句中提供静态的年份列表。

与 SQL 数据透视查询语法作斗争

Struggling with SQL Pivot Query Syntax

sql

tsql

sql-server

pivot